USAID KENYA FINAL GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT MARCH 2020 Banyan Global 1120 20th Street NW, Suite 950 Washington, DC 20036 Phone: +1 202-684-9367 Contract No.: 47QRAA18D00CM March 17, 2020 This publication was produced for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 1 Contract Number 47QRAA18D00CM. It was prepared by Banyan Global under the authorship of Mia Hyun, Wendy Okolo, Aurelia Munene, Victoria Rames, and David Morgan. Disclaimer: The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Recommended Citation: Hyun, Mia – Senior Gender Expert; Okolo, Wendy – Senior Gender Expert; Munene, Aurelia – Gender Expert. USAID/Kenya Gender Analysis Report. Prepared by Banyan Global. 2020. 2 USAID/KENYA FINAL GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT 2020 CONTRACT NO.: 47QRAA18D00CM 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Purpose of the USAID/Kenya Gender Analysis........................................................................... 13 2. COUNTRY CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND .............................................................................. 15 3. USAID/KENYA GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT THEORY OF CHANGE ........................................................................................................................................................ 16 4. COUNTRY OVERVIEW, BY ADS 205 DOMAIN ............................................................................ 17 4.1 Laws, Policies, Regulations, and Institutional Practices .............................................................. 17 4.2 Cultural Norms and Beliefs .............................................................................................................. 19 4.3 Gender Roles, Responsibilities, and Time Use ............................................................................ 20 4.4 Access to and Control Over Assets and Resources .................................................................. 21 4.5 Patterns of Power and Decision-Making ....................................................................................... 22 5. GENDER ANALYSIS FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, BY DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 5.1 DO 1: Transform systems ................................................................................................................ 23 5.1.1 DO 1: Findings by Key Issue .................................................................................................... 23 5.1.2 DO 1: Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 28 5.2 DO 2: Citizen-responsive public and private Kenyan institutions .......................................... 32 5.2.1 DO 2: Findings by Key Issue ................................................................................................... 33 5.2.2 DO 2: Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 41 5.3 DO3: Economic Transformation .................................................................................................... 45 5.3.1 DO 3: Findings by Key Issue .................................................................................................... 46 5.3.2 DO 3: Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 53 5.4 DO 4: Regional partnerships. .......................................................................................................... 55 5.4.1 DO 4: Findings by Key Issue .................................................................................................... 55 5.4.2 DO 4: Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 57 ANNEX A: GENDER ANALYSIS SCOPE OF WORK ......................................................................... 59 ANNEX B: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 72 ANNEX C: LIST OF KEY DOCUMENTS CONSULTED.................................................................... 74 ANNEX D: GENDER ANALYSIS RESEARCH MATRIX ..................................................................... 88 ANNEX E: INTERVIEW GUIDES FOR THE GENDER ANALYSIS .................................................. 91 ANNEX F: LIST OF KEY INTERVIEWEES .............................................................................................. 99 ANNEX G: GENDER INDEX .................................................................................................................. 108 4 Tables and Figures Table 1: Most Critical Findings and Recommendations ........................................................................... 8 Table 2: Proposed Development Objectives and Intermediate Results ........................................... 16 Table 3: Education and Skills by Sector .................................................................................................... 48 Table 4: Primary Data Collection Methods and Tools.......................................................................... 72 Table 5: Guiding Questions for the Gender Analysis ............................................................................ 88 Table 6: List of Key Interviewees ............................................................................................................... 99 Table 7: Recommended Indicators and Learning Agenda................................................................... 108 Figure 1: Representation of Women in County Assemblies by County, Elected and Elected/Nominated ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 2: Poverty Rates by Marital Status and Sex ................................................................................. 33 Figure 3: Share of Time Spent by Household Members Fetching Water, 2015 to 2016 .............. 34 Figure 4: Gender Gap in Labor Force Participation .............................................................................. 47 Figure 5: Share of Male/Female Employment by Detailed Sector (2015 to 2016) .......................... 47 Figure 6: Male and Female Characteristics by Age, Education Level, ................................................ 50 Figure 7: Sources of Operating Capital for Business Enterprise by sex. ........................................... 50 5 ACRONYMS ADS Automated Directives System ADVANTAGE Advancing the Agenda of Gender Equality ASAL Arid and semi-arid lands CBO Community-based organization CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women CIDP County Integrated Development Plans COMESA The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa COR Contracting Officer’s Representative CRS Catholic Relief Services CSO Civil society organization CVE Countering violent extremism DO Development objective DP Development partner DREAMS Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe EAC East Africa Community FGD Focus group discussion FGM Female genital mutilation FSW Female sex workers GBV Gender-Based violence GDP Gross domestic product GEFE Gender equality and female empowerment GEWE Gender equality and women empowerment GoK Government of Kenya GRB Gender-responsive budgeting IFC International Finance Corporation IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development IOM International Office of Migration IP Implementing partner IPSTC International Peace Support Training Center IPV Intimate partner violence IR Intermediate Result J2SR Journey to Self-Reliance KDHS Kenya Demographic and Health Survey KEA Kenya and East Africa KES Kenyan Shilling KII Key informant interview KNAP Kenya National Action Plan for the Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR1325) and Related Resolutions KNBS Kenya National Bureau of Statistics LFPR Labor-force participation rate LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals M&E Monitoring and evaluation MCA Member of county assembly MMR Maternal Mortality Rate MPSGA Ministry of Public Service and Gender Affairs MSM Men who have Sex with Men 6 MSME Micro, small and medium enterprises NGEC National gender and equality commission NGO Non-governmental organization NRM Natural resource management OAF One Acre Fund SDG Sustainable Development Goals SDGA State Department of Gender Affairs SEZ Special economic zone SOW Scope of work SRH Sexual and reproductive health SSA Sub-Saharan Africa STEM Science, technology, engineering, and math TB Tuberculosis TO Task order ToC Theory of change TVET Technical and vocational education and training TVPA Trafficking Victims Protection Act UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development