Liew-Kee Kor · Abd-Razak Ahmad · Zanariah Idrus · Kamarul Ariffin Mansor Editors Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Statistics (iCMS2017) Transcending Boundaries, Embracing Multidisciplinary Diversities Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Statistics (iCMS2017) Liew-Kee Kor • Abd-Razak Ahmad • Zanariah Idrus • Kamarul Ariffin Mansor Editors Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Statistics (iCMS2017) Transcending Boundaries, Embracing Multidisciplinary Diversities 123 Editors Liew-Kee Kor Abd-Razak Ahmad Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia Zanariah Idrus Kamarul Ariffin Mansor Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia ISBN 978-981-13-7278-0 ISBN 978-981-13-7279-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7279-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019935829 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. 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The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Organizing Committee Local Organizing Committee Abd Razak Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Asmahani Nayan, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Fazillah Bosli, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Illiasaak Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Kamarul Ariffin Mansor, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Kor Liew Kee, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Noor Hafizah Zainal Aznam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Rosidah Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Shahida Farhan Zakaria, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Siti Fairus Mokhtar, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Siti Nurbaya Ismail, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Suhardi Hamid, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Wan Siti Esah Che Hussain, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Wan Zulkipli Wan Salleh, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia Zanariah Idrus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah, Malaysia International Scientific Committee Tudorel Andrei, National Institute of Statistics and Bucharest, University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania Matthias Templ, Statistics Austria & Vienna University of Technology Ralf Munnich, Statistics Austria & Vienna University of Technology Risto Lehtonen, University of Helsinki, Finland Gergely Daroczi, Easystats Ltd., Budapest, Hungary v vi Organizing Committee Lucian Liviu Albu, Romanian Academy, Institute for Economic Forecasting, Bucharest, Romania Gheorghe Zaman, Romanian Academy, Institute of National Economy, Bucharest, Romania Valentina Vasile, Romanian Academy, Institute of National Economy, Bucharest, Romania Dorin Jula, Romanian Academy, Institute for Economic Forecasting and Ecological University of Bucharest, Romania Bogdan Oancea, The University of Bucharest and National Institute of Statistics, Bucharest, Romania Monica Roman, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Nicoleta Caragea, National Institute of Statistics and Ecological University of Bucharest, Romania Antoniade-Ciprian Alexandru, Ecological University of Bucharest, Romania Adrian Dusa, University of Bucharest, Romania Elena Druica, University of Bucharest, Romania Nicolae-Marius Jula, Nicolae Titulescu University, Bucharest, Romania Ana Maria Dobre, National Institute of Statistics Gerald Cheang, University of South Australia, Australia Suhaidi Hassan, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia Martin Everett, University of Manchester, UK Nicolaas Jan Dirk Nagelkerke, University of Amsterdam, Netherland Poo Kuan Hoong, AC Nielson, Malaysia Nurhuda Ismail, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Reviewers Abd Razak Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Ab Razak Mansor, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Afdallyna Fathiyah Harun, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Ahmad Farid bin Osman, Universiti Malaysa (UM), Malaysia Amar Faiz Zainal Abidin, Universti Teknikal Malaysia (UTEM), Malaysia Azrul Hazri Jantan, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Chew Cheng Meng, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Ciprian Antoniade Alexandru, Ecological University of Bucharest, Romania Dahlia Ibrahim, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Daud Bin Mohamad, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Erny Arniza Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Goh Kim Leng, Universiti Malaysia (UM), Malaysia Ida Normaya Mohd Nasir, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Idham Arif Hj Alias, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Illiasaak Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Jasmin Ilyani Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Organizing Committee vii Jehan Zeb Shah, Optics Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan Kamarul Ariffin Mansor, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Kartini Kasim, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Khairul Adilah Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Kor Liew Kee, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Kumaresan Nallasamy, Universiti Malaysia (UM), Malaysia Leony Tham Yew Seng, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Malaysia Maznah Mat Kasim, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Malaysia Michael Khoo Boon Chong, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Mohd Bakri Adam, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Mohd Hafiz bin Mohd, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Mohd Rijal Ilias, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Mohd Tahir Ismail, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Muhammad Rozi Malim, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Nicoleta Caragea, Ecological University of Bucharest, Romania Noor Hasnita Abdul Talib, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Noor Rasidah Ali, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Noor Wahida Yunus, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Malaysia Nor Hafizah Abdul Razak, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Nor Idayu Mahat, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Malaysia Norashikin Nasaruddin, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Norhashidah Awang, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Norin Rahayu Shamsuddin, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Nur Syibrah Muhamad Naim, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Nurazlina Abdul Rashid, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Nurul Akmal Mohamed, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Malaysia Nurul Hila Zainuddin, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Malaysia Phoong Seuk Yen, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Malaysia Raja Noor Farah Azura Binti Raja Ma’amor Shah, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Malaysia Ramayah Thurasamy, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Rogayah Abdul Majid, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Rosma Mohd Dom, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Rozaini Roslan, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Malaysia Sayang Mohd Deni, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Shahida Farhan Binti Zakaria, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Shaifizat Mansor, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Shamsul Jamel Elias, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Malaysia Shukri Shamsuddin, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Siti Ainor Binti Mohd Yatim, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia, Siti Amirah Abd Rahman, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Siti Fairus Binti Mokhtar, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Siti Nurbaya Ismail, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Siti Rafidah Muhamat Dawam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia viii Organizing Committee Siti Suhana Jamaian, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Malaysia Suhardi Hamid, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Sumarni Abu Bakar, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Suraya Masrom, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Taniza Tajuddin, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Teh Yuan Ying, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Malaysia Waail