Online Only Supplementary Material iNeo Group Information: Contributing units of the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of Neonates Supplementary Tables: Supplementary Table 1. Adjusted RR (99.9% CI) comparing ROP treatment in survivors between pairs of countries without adjustment for antenatal steroids and cesarean section delivery Supplementary Table 2. Adjusted RR (99.9% CI) comparing Death or ROP treatment between pairs of countries for infants with a GA 240-276 weeks Supplementary Table 3. ROP treatment by year in individual participating networks for infants between A) 24-25 weeks GA and B) 26-27 weeks GA Supplementary Table 4. Comparison of the ROP classification system used in Japan with International classification 1 iNeo Contributing Neonatal Units: ANZNN (Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network): Australia: Nadia Badawi, MBChB, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales; Peter Marshall, MBChB, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia; Paul Craven, MBChB, John Hunter Hospital, New Castle, New South Wales; Karen Simmer, MBChB, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; Jacqueline Stack, MBChB, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales; Dan Casalaz, MBChB, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria; Elizabeth Carse, MBChB, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria; Lucy Cooke, MBChB, Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane Queensland; Vijay Shingde, MBChB, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; David Cartwright, MBChB, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Rod Hunt, MBChB, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria; Charles Kilburn, MBChB, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory; Peter Dargaville, MBChB, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania; Kei Lui, MBBS, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales; Mary Paradisis, MBChB, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Ingrid Rieger, MBChB, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Carl Kuschel, MBChB, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria; Andrew Numa, MBChB, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Hazel Carlisle, MBChB, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory; Guan Koh, MBChB, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland; Chad Andersen, MBChB, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia; Melissa Luig, MBChB, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales. New Zealand: Nicola Austin, MBChB, Christchurch Women's Hospital, Christchurch, Canterbury; Roland Broadbent, MBChB, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, Otago; Lindsay Mildenhall, MBChB, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland City, Auckland; Malcolm Battin, MBChB, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland City, Auckland; David Bourchier, MBChB, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, Waikato; Vaughan Richardson, MBChB, Wellington Women's Hospital, Wellington City, Wellington. CNN (Canadian Neonatal Network): Prakesh S Shah, MD, MSc (Director, Canadian Neonatal Network and site investigator), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Adele Harrison, MD, MBChB, Victoria General Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia; Anne Synnes, MDCM, MHSC, and Joseph Ting, MD, B.C. Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia; Zenon Cieslak, MD, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British Columbia; Rebecca Sherlock, MD, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, British Columbia; Wendy Yee, MD, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta; Khalid Aziz, MBBS, MA, MEd, and Jennifer Toye, MD, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta; Carlos Fajardo, MD, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta; Zarin Kalapesi, MD, Regina General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan; Koravangattu Sankaran, MD, MBBS, and Sibasis Daspal, MD, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Mary Seshia, MBChB, Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Ruben Alvaro, MD, St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Sandesh Shivananda, MBBS, MD, DM, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario; Orlando Da Silva, MD, MSc, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario; Chuks Nwaesei, MD, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, Ontario; Kyong-Soon Lee, MD, MSc, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario; Michael Dunn, MD, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Brigitte Lemyre, MD, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario; Kimberly Dow, MD, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario; Ermelinda Pelausa, MD, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec; Keith Barrington, MBChB, Hôpital Sainte- Justine, Montréal, Québec; Christine Drolet, MD, and Bruno Piedboeuf, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Sainte Foy Québec; Martine Claveau, and Daniel Faucher, MD, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec; Valerie Bertelle, MD, and Edith Masse, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec; Roderick Canning, MD, Moncton Hospital, Moncton, New Brunswick; Hala Makary, MD, Dr. Everett Chalmers Hospital, Fredericton, New Brunswick; Cecil Ojah, MBBS, and Luis Monterrosa, MD, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick; Akhil Deshpandey, MBBS, MRCPI, Janeway Children’s Health and Rehabilitation Centre, St. John’s, Newfoundland; Jehier Afifi, MB BCh, MSc, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia; Andrzej 2 Kajetanowicz, MD, Cape Breton Regional Hospital, Sydney, Nova Scotia; Shoo K Lee, MBBS, PhD (Chairman, Canadian Neonatal Network), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. INN (Israel Neonatal Network): Eli Heymann, MD, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tzrifin; Shmuel Zangen, MD, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon; Tatyana Smolkin, MD, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya; Francis Mimouni, MD, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem; David Bader, MD, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa; Avi Rothschild, MD, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa; Zipora Strauss, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Clari Felszer, MD, Emek Medical Center, Afula; Jamalia Jeryes, MD, French Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Nazareth; Smadar Even Tov-Friedman, MD, Hadassah University Hospital-Ein Karem, Jerusalem; Benjamin Bar- Oz, MD, Hadassah University Hospital-Har Hazofim, Jerusalem; Michael Feldman, MD, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera; Nizar Saad, MD, Holy Family (Italian) Hospital, Nazareth; Orna Flidel-Rimon, MD, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot; Meir Weisbrod, MD, Laniado Hospital, Netanya; Daniel Lubin, MD, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak; Ita Litmanovitz, MD, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba; Amir Kugelman, MD, Rambam Medical Center; Eric Shinwell, MD, Rivka Ziv Medical Center, Safed; Gil Klinger, MD, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva; Yousif Nijim, MD, Scottish (EMMS) Hospital, Nazareth; Francis Mimouni, MD, Shaare- Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem; Agneta Golan, MD, Soroka Medical Center, Beersheba; Dror Mandel, MD, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv; Vered Fleisher-Sheffer, MD,Western Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya; David Kohelet, MD, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon; Lev Bakhrakh, MD, Yoseftal Hospital, Eilat. NRNJ (Neonatal Research Network Japan): Satoshi Hattori, MD, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido; Shohei Konishi, MD, Kushiro Red Cross Hospital, Kushiro, Hokkaido); Takasuke Amizuka, MD, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Aomori; Takeo Kasai, MD, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate; Ritsuko Takahasi, MD, Sendai Red Cross Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi; Hirokazu Arai, MD, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Akita); Maki Sato, MD, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima; Yayoi Miyazono, MD, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; Junichi Shimizu, MD, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki; Hiroshi Suzumura, MD, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga, Tochigi; Yumi Kono, MD, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; Takahiro Inoue, MD, Gunma Children’s Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma; Hiroshi Miyabayashi, MD, Saitama Children’s Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama; Hisanori Sobajima, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama; Rika Ishiguro, Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center, Kawaguchi, Saitama; Hiroyuki Sato, MD, Kameda General Hospital, Chiba, Kamogawa; Satsuki Totsu, MD, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo; Nozomi Ishii, MD, Aiiku Hospital, Minato, Tokyo; Shigeharu Hosono, MD, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo; Mika Shiraishi, MD, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo; Humihiro Miura, MD, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo; Atsushi Nakao, MD, Japan Red Cross Medical Center, Shibuya, Tokyo; Hitoshi Yoda, MD, Toho University, Ota, Tokyo; Mitsumasa Shimizu, MD, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokuto Hospital, Sumida, Tokyo; Kazuo Seki, MD, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa; Yasuhumi Itani, MD, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa; Keiji Suzuki, MD, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa; Atsushi Nemoto, MD, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi; Tomohiko Nakamura, MD, Nagano Children’s Hospital, Azumino, Nagano; Masaki Wada, MD, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata; Yoshihisa Nagayama, MD, Niigata City Hospital, Niigata, Niigata; Osamu Numata, MD, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, Nagaoka, Niigata; Takeshi Futatani, MD, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Toyama; Yasuhisa Ueno, MD, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa; Kazuyuki Iwai, MD, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Fukui; Yoshinori Kono, MD, Gifu Prefectural Medical Center, Gifu, Gifu); Shigeru Ooki, MD, Seirei Hamamatsu