United Republic of Tanzania The United Republic of Tanzania Jointly prepared by: National Bureau of Statistics and Mtwara Regional Commissioner’s Office March, 2018 0WZDUD5HJLRQ6RFLR(FRQRPLF3URILOH5HSRUW )RUHZRUG *RDOVRI7DQ]DQLD¶V'HYHORSment Vision 2025 are in line with United 1DWLRQ¶V6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW*RDOV 6'*V 7KHYLVLRQ¶V major goals include achieving high quality livelihood for the people; achieving food security; developing a strong and competitive economy; combating inequality and empowering women and girls. Monitoring the progress in achieving these goals, requires availability of timely and accurate statistical information at all levels. Problems occurring in both urban and rural areasare many. Experience shows that delivery of quality social and economic services requires a continuous and sustainable improvement of strategies with community participation from time to time. High primary school enrolment rates recently attained have to be sustained using available resources and so is the policy of making sure that all pupils who pass Standard Seven Examination join Form One. The food situation is still precarious; infant and maternal mortality rates while showing signs of decline are still high. Unemployment in rural areas triggers mass migration of youths to the already overcrowded urban centres. Health problems due to HIV/AIDS pandemic have been quite severe among the economically active population hindering efforts to advance smoothly into the 21st century of science and technology. The pandemic has left an increasing number of orphans, broken families and considerable suffering. AIDS together with environmental deterioration are among the new developmental problems which cannot be ignored. Efforts by the Mtwara Regional Authority to meet these challenges are hampered by many factors including ill prepared rural development programs followed by weak implementation, as well as monitoring and supervision of these programs. Shortcomings in policy formulation, project identification, design and implementation due to lack of adequate reliable information on the rural development process have to be addressed appropriately. The availability of adequate, relevant and reliable qualitative and quantitative information at district level is a SUHUHTXLVLWHIRUIRUPXODWLQJSODQQLQJLPSOHPHQWDWLRQPRQLWRULQJDQGHYDOXDWLRQRIGLVWULFWV¶ policies and development programs. Mtwara Region has prepared this socio-economic profile by using its own funds. The publication of the Mtwara Regional Social-Economic Profile Series by the Regional Management Team with technical backstopping from the National Bureau of Statistics should be viewed as a step towards finding feasible solution to the existing problem of data and information gap at regional level. i Mtwara Region Socio-Economic Profile Report, 2015 The Mtwara Regional Social-Economic Profile covers a wide range of statistics and information on geography, population, social services, economic infrastructure, productive sectors and cross cutting issues. It is believed that, such information is vital to policy makers, planners, researchers, donors and functional managers. This Profile has taken advantage of the cumulative experience gained from the production of various regional and district socio-economic profiles in the country. It provides valuable information to our clients. Constructive views and criticisms are invited from stakeholders and various readers to enable this profile become a better tool in the formulation and implementation of the country’s policies. I would like to acknowledge with thanks, the contribution made by the Office of the Regional Administrative Secretary, National Bureau of Statistics and other staff of the region who devoted their time and efforts to ensure the successful completion of this assignment. Alfred C. Luanda Regional Administrative Secretary March, 2018 ii Mtwara Region Socio-Economic Profile Report, 2015 Abbreviations AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ARI Acute Respiratory Infections ACSEE Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination ACB Akiba Commercial Bank ARV Antiretroviral ADO Assistant Dental Officers AMOs Assistant Medical Officers BCG Bacillus Calmest Guerin (TB Vaccine) TPB Tanzania Postal Bank TPR Toilet Pupil Ratio /Teacher Pupil Ratio CSEE Certificate of Secondary Education Examination CPR Classroom Pupil Ratio CO Clinical Officers CBO Community Based Organization CBPP Contagious Bovine Plural Pneumonia CCPP Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia CRDB Cooperative and Rural Development Bank CRDB Cooperative Rural Development Bank CFR Crude Fertility Rate DPR Desk Pupil Ratio DPT3/HB3 Diphtheria Pertusis Tetanus 3RD doze/ Haemoglobin Level DC District Council DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery ECF East Coast Fever ECF East Coast Fever IMR Infant Mortality Rate FMD Foot and Mouth disease GIS Geographical Information System Govt. Government GDP Gross Domestic Product GER Gross Enrolment Ratio Ha Hectare HTR House Teacher Ratio HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IGAs Income Generating Activities IMR Infant Mortality Rate LSD Lumpy skin MMR Maternal Mortality Rate MOs Medical Officers MDGs Millennium Development Goals MVC Most Vulnerable Children NBC National Bank of Commerce NBS National Bureau of Statistics NMB National Microfinance Bank NER Net Enrolment Ratio NCD New Castle Disease iii Mtwara Region Socio-Economic Profile Report, 2015 OPV3 Oral Polio Vaccine 3rd Doze PR Pass Rate PLHA People Living with HIV/AIDS PHC Population and Housing Census PMTCT Prevention Mother to Child Transmission PHCDP Primary Health Care Development Programme PITC Provider Initiative Testing and Counseling RVF Rift Valley Fever SACCOS Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies Sq. Km. Square Kilometer STD VII Standard Seven TPB Tanzania Postal Bank TPR Teacher to Pupils Ratio TT2 Tetanus Toxoid 2 nd doze TC Town Council TBAs Traditional Birth Attendants TB Tuberculosis U5MR Under Five Mortality Rate VHC Village Health Committee VHWs Village Health Workers VWC Village Water Committee VWF Village Water Fund VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing WUG Water User Group MMC Mikindani Municipal Council iv Mtwara Region Socio-Economic Profile Report, 2015 Contents Page Foreword ................................................................................................................................ i Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... iii Contents ............................................................................................................................... v List of Table ............................................................................................................................. x List of Figure ........................................................................................................................ xvii List of Map ............................................................................................................................ xix CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................... 1 Land, Climate, Agro-Ecological Zones and People ............................................................. 1 1.0 Overview ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Geographical location ............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Administrative Units ............................................................................................. 3 1.3 Climate, Soil and Topographical ........................................................................... 5 1.4.1 Climate .................................................................................................................. 5 1.4.2 Topographical and Drainage ................................................................................. 5 1.4.3 Soil ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 Vegetation ............................................................................................................. 6 1.4.1 Agro-ecological zone ............................................................................................ 6 1.4.2 South half of Mtwara rural and South-East of Newala ......................................... 7 1.4.3 North half of Mtwara Rural .................................................................................. 7 1.5 Population .............................................................................................................. 7 1.5.1 Ethnic Groups ....................................................................................................... 7 1.5.2 Population Size and Growth ................................................................................. 8 1.5.3 Population Density .............................................................................................. 12 1.5.4 Dependency Ratio ............................................................................................... 15 1.6 Age and Sex Profile ............................................................................................. 15 1.6.1 Population Distribution (Age) and Sex Ratio ..................................................... 15 1.6.2 Population Pyramid ...........................................................................................