<1ls DDEV7ELOP \IlENT1 - r t~~~~~~ - -- --- -tr W J tO~~~~~O Public Disclosure Authorized -~~ =---- _-_-_-= {.; P u T T I N G K N O W L E D G E TO W O R K F O R D E V E L O P M E N T NOv E BE R 2 0 0 3 Public Disclosure Authorized 29668 ., .. _ ..- , Public Disclosure Authorized 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~` -,, !'~~~~~~~ , - I;z 41 401~~~~~~~~~~~1 Public Disclosure Authorized W O R L D B A N K I N S T I T U T - \110'T n sHIS., 1. EditorialBoard SWAMINATHAN S. AIYAR ECONOMICTIMES OF INDIA, NEW DELHI, INDIA MICHAEL COHEN NEW SCHOOLUNIVERSITY, NEW YORK,USA PAUL COLLIER his issue of Development OUTREACH looks at THE WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON, DC, USA the "unknown" quality of cities in the face of JOHN GAGE rapid decentralization, democratization and SUN MICROSYSTEMS, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA, USA globalization in the developing world. The role of JOSEPHK. INGRAM cities in the development agenda cannot be underes- THE WORLDBANK, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND timated. As engines of economic growth in many KWAMEKARIKARI countries, cities also citiesire probems-a aso face raid riseSCHOOL OFJOURNALISM AND face dire problems-a rapid riSe THEUNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON, COMMUNICATIONS,GHANA in the numbers of urban poor, environmental degra- VIRANANIVSKA dation caused by increasing air pollution, and city- INTERNATIONALCENTER FOR POLICYSTUDIES, KIEV,UKRAINE to-city migration that is changing the political land- PEPI PATRON scape of both developed and developing countries. CATHOLICUNIVERSITY, LIMA, PERU Of these three challenges, the rapidly increasing J. ROBERTS. PRICHARD numbers of urban poor is perhaps the most startling. TORSTAR,TORONTO, CANADA In Africa, urbanization is growing at well over 6 per- RAFAEL RANGEL SOSTMANN cent per annum, twice as fast as the growth rate in MONTERREYTECH UNIVERSITYSYSTEM, MONTERREY, MEXICO Latin America or East Asia. Such rapid population ADELESIMMONS CHICAGOMETROPOLIS, CHICAGO, IL, USA growth is overwhelming city managers and making VIVIENNEWEE sustainable poverty reduction difficult. While urban CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT,GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT,SINGAPORE migration is increasing the labor force and leading to Development OUTREACHis published three times a year by the World economic growth, such growth is not reflected in Bank Institute and reflects issues arising from the WorldBank's many of migrntslife ofurban quality of life of urban migrants who lie withoutlearning programs.Articles are solicited that offer live without viewpointsfrom a varietyof authors worldwideand do nota representrange of secure shelter, access to basic services, or voice in official positions of the WorldBank or the views of its management. the political system. How do city managers and urban SUNETRA PURI planners cope with this scenario? While most alarm- EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ing inAfrica, the situation is repeated in every region MARYMCNEIL of the world. EXECUTIVEEDITOR As James Wolfensohn points out in his introduc- ANNA LAWTON tion, in the next 25 years, two billion more people MANAGINGEDITOR will move into the world's cities and towns. Mayors, TIM E. CAMPBELL and other city officials therefore have an integral role GUEST EDITOR to play in the pursuit of global poverty alleviation. In MOIRA RATCHFORD this issue we hope to capture some of the innovative PUBLICATIONDESIGN strategies and actions now being undertaken by the PHOTOCREDITS Cover: Nigel Sandor/lIlustration Works; world's urban leaders. We Pages 4-5: The WorldBank/ Julio Etchart; Page 6: The World look forward to your com- Bank/AlanGignoux; Page 8: The WorldBank/Alan Gignoux; ments and suggestions as they move ahead. Page 11: Zuma Press/RuaridhStewart; Page 12: Getty/Peter Rogers; Page 14: MichaelFoley; Page 16: MichaelFoley; Page 18: Michael Foley;Page 19: Reuters/SergioMoraes; Page 22: Stone/KerenSu; Page 25: AmericanPlanning Association; Page 26: Sergio Sade; Page 27: Paranacidade; Page 29: Photodisc;Page 30: The Image Bank/Grant Faint; Page 33: Athens: Taxi/JerryDriendl; Istanbul: Photodisc/AndrewWard; Pages 36-37: Emmanuel Koro. This magazine is printed on recycled paper, with soy-based inks. O ISSN 1020-797X © 2003 The WorldBank Institute Mary McNeil W O R L D B A N K I N S T I T U T E EXE CUT I VE ED I TOR Promo-nt knowledge-nd o--nv irase. r r world World Bank Institute wWw.worldbank.org/wbi Frannie L6autier, Vice President www.worldbank.org/devoutreach The WorldBank [email protected] 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433, USA I t t , 1E31 ~~THE WO R LD B AN K V O L U M E F IE E \U BER T H R E EcA& N O V E M B E R 2 0 0 3 - _I i"4 $} - 1n' PAG I I PAGE . I'AGE 13 SPECIAL REPORT:UNKNOWN CITIES 22 Forward Thinkin- in Nanjing: An Interview with Jiangsu Partv Secretary Li Yuanchao 2 Cities and Citizens JEFFREY SOULE JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN This is a case study of how a major metropolis, Nanjing, changed its mind about becoming a new Shanghai. 3 Urban Air Pollution Management 26 Decentralizing City NIanagement: FRANNIE A. LtAUTIER A Successful Experiment 4 Unknown Cities: Nletropolis, Identity LU8OMIR FICINSKI DUNIN and Governance in a Global WVorld An urbanized state in Brazil steps in to fill a void-in capacity Guest Editorial strengthening, assistance, and associations-in the regulatory systemof cities. TIM E. CAMPBELL An overview of the special report, which probes some of the 29 Glocalization:A New Balance of Power new ground laid for city regions by the shrnking nation state and the quickening pace of exchange around the globe. URI SAVIR Cities are starting to play a new role in diplomacy, peace- 8 The New Urban Planning making, and peace-building that are left undone by the nation JEFFREY D. SACHS state. This article argues for new fundamentals based on urban 32 International Implementation of Cities planning in the quest for discovery of the secrets of creation Iplomacy and the mechanisms to spread national wealth. Diplomacy DIMITRISL. AVRAMOPOULOS 12 Urban Development Needs Creativity: The article outlines the founding stages of diplomatic relations How Creative Industries Can Affect among cities, to make both urbanization and globalization work Urban Areas for all citizens. SHAID YUSUF AND KAORU NABESHIMA The origins of wealth in urban places are illustrated by the 35 Index of Articles: DevelopmentOU'TREACH creative industries behind the rapid economic progressof 2001-2003 cities in East Asia. i6 Our City, Ourselves: Place as a Factor 36 VOICES FROM THE FIELD in Urban Economic Development Harare Loses Status of Cleanest City FRANCESCOBANDARIN in Africa Cities are rediscovering the cultural and historical roots EMMANUEL KORO of identity, which often form the foundations for regional Once proudly known as the Sun Shine City, Harare is now economic strategies. plagued by refuse collection problems. I9 Learning from the Poor: Housing and 38 KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES Urban Land NMarkets M. VITOR SERRA 39 BOOKSHELF The secrets to housing the poor are recapturing and rationing one of the most important resources under municipal control: land. 40 CALENDAR OF EVENTS .. a > relationships. If we can build a sense of hope and love in comn- munities. we will have a chance to alleviate poverty and bring about peace. We cannot build these conditions statistically. To do so requires people. commitment, and passion. There are now in the world many associations of cities and of mayors, of sister cities' programs. and others, all seeking to foster knowledge shari nr and understanding of how to better handle the f . ' BY JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN human condition. as wellas serve the needs of people in cities. The IO : EORB ESPTEX IER 11 T . many people in the United States one thing that distinguishes the Glocal Forun-an international thought thal the re were two worlds: the rich world and the devel - NCO that has entered into a partnership agreement with WB1-is oping vorlc, separated by a wall. Then, t he World Tracle Center that it recognizes the relationship between development, hope, and (ollapsing conveied the i mage of that "wall" comiing down. The peace. That is what is special about t}is group. The Glocal Forum is inmageof terror traversi ng borders and intrudinig in Wall Street. not about just exports and imports. important as they are; it is not .made us aw-are that there are not tuo worlds. There is only one about charity. It is about peace. about hope. and about individulals. world. which is linked by trade. finance. crime, drugs. trade. It is about partnership. and commitment of rich to poor, of banking. and migration. I'he education of our chilCten in the developed to developing. of city to city. We need to understand developed world ca inot just rest with education about European that if we want enduring peace and hope for ourrworld. then insti- and Americarn history. As adults, we need to know about Islam. tutions like the Glocal Forum need our support. We should think about India. about China. and about Africa. We need to under- of our cities as part of a global family, and we should think that stand that our planet has changed. We need our children to be peace will come only if we give that family love and commitment. trained for a different, inore diiverse and rich world. Ourleaders must lookatthe futurebecauseinthenext25years James D. Wolfensohn is President of The World Bank the world will grow from six billion to eight billion people. seven billion ofwshoni will live in the current physical space we call the Adapte. from KeynoteAddress2 Second Glocalizaton Conference. developing world. In 50 years, there will be eight billion out of ninie. Europe. as we know it today. uill be smaller and older. We are beconing increasingly aware of the fact that we are not just citizens ol Etur ope.