From Antarctica 2 Passport to Knowledge electronic field trips to scientific frontiers via interactive television and on-line networks made possible, in part, by the National Science Foundation, NASA, and public television Dear Educator, Remote. alien. distant . Terra Australis Incognita, the “unknown southern land”. the “last place on Earth”. For most of human history, and still for most people today, Antarctica is a blank, a great white continent covered with ice, unconnected to daily life back in the industrial world. Scientists know differently: the southern oceans are the planet’s air conditioner; the Antarctic ice is a litmus paper sampling pollutants in Earth’s atmosphere; the polar ozone hole is an indicator of possible global climate change. We are all connected, whether we know it or not, to Antarctica. Now, for the first time, modern telecommunications allows us to jump the physical barriers of storm-tossed seas and vast ice-sheets, and links us directly to the men and women who know this astonishing place best. LFA 2 will take students along, on board the Research Vessel Polar Duke, across the Drake Passage—some of the roughest seas on Earth—to Palmer Station on Anvers Island, off the Antarctic Peninsula. Palmer is the jewel of NSF’s U.S. Antarctic Program, populated even at the height of the season by less than 50 researchers—joined this year by 6 intrepid videographers and telecommunications specialists. Through their efforts, students here in the States will be able to interact directly with scientists on ship and on the tiny islands where Adelie penguins, seals and skuas make their homes. This will be the first time Palmer has ever been connected by video to the out- side world, and NASA’s Advanced Communications Technology Satellite team are traveling with us to experiment with innovative telecommunications devices operating under extreme conditions. Our three live programs will combine pre-taped sequences showing the daily life of the researchers, with “You Are There” live interactions in which scientists let students look over their shoulders, in real time, at the creatures and conditions they’re studying, and answer live and e-mail questions. It’s ambitious, incredibly exciting... and yes, we have contingency plans! This Guide is your “passport” to sharing this unprecedented experience with your students. It provides all an educator needs to know to implement Live From Antarctica 2 successfully in a wide variety of grades and subject areas. Most importantly, it provides Activities which will allow your stu- dents to simulate, in class or at home, the research they’ll see on camera or on-line. The Guide and videos also point students to the on-line resources which allow them to come to know the researchers much more personally than would be possible through textbooks or any other medium. Perhaps one or more of the students who watch with you, log on to read the latest Field Journal, or experiment with plants or phytoplankton, will one day venture south in actuality, and contribute to a new generation of discovery. We’re privileged to be working with NASA, NSF and public television to bring this incredible opportunity to you, and we also thank you for your commitment to the future. Sincerely, Erna Akuginow Geoffrey Haines-Stiles Executive Producer Project Director Live From Antarctica 2 1 Project Staff and Acknowledgements PROJECT DIRECTOR GEOFF HAINES-STILES EXECUTIVE PRODUCER ERNA AKUGINOW SENIOR CURRICULUM CONSULTANT PATRICIA HADDON EDUCATION OUTREACH COORDINATOR JAN WEE ♦ SPECIAL THANKS MULTIMEDIA INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT TEAM CAROL VLECK, IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY ♦ ANTA ARBARA ♦ PATRICIA HADDON, 6TH GRADE SCIENCE TEAM, SUMMIT MIDDLE SCHOOL, SUMMIT, NJ RAY SMITH, U.C. S B CRIPPS NSTITUTION CYNTHIA PECK, MIDDLE SCHOOL ENGLISH TEACHER, AND WRITER, NJ MARIA VERNET, S I ♦ JOE BENTON, DEBBIE RIVERA, MEREDITH OLSON, CHAIR, MIDDLE SCHOOL SCIENCE, SEATTLE COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL, WA ♦ DEANE RINK, MULTIMEDIA PRODUCER, LOS ANGELES, CA KARL BENNETT, NASA-TV SHELDON BLACKMAN, KIHEI DIVE AND JAN WEE, LIBRARY MEDIA DIRECTOR, WEST SALEM, WI ♦ ♦ VIDEO, HAWAII JOE BREDEKAMP, OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE, NASA ♦ SCIENCE ACTIVITIES REVIEWERS DAVE BRESNAHAN, NSF OFFICE OF ROBIN ROSS & LANGDON QUETIN, U. C. SANTA BARBARA POLAR PROGRAMS ♦ DAVID FRISCIC, TAD DAY, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY NSF OFFICE OF POLAR PROGRAMS ♦ DAVID KARL, UNIV. OF HAWAII FRITZ HASLER & ALAN NELSON, BILL FRASER, MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER ♦ CERTAIN ACTIVITIES ADAPTED FROM MATERIALS ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED BY, STRATIS KAKADELIS, WINSOME MUNDY, LAURISSA RICHARDS & AND USED WITH THE PERMISSON OF: ♦ GULF OF MAINE AQUARIUM, ALAN LISHNESS KELLY JO BROWN, RSPAC SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, SHEILA CUSHMAN MARGARET LANYON, NSF EPRESENTATIVE HRISTCHURCH EW AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC DIVISION, PETER BOYER R , C , N ZEALAND ♦ MARK LEON, IITA NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY ♦ ♦ PROGRAM, NASA AMES FRANK OWENS, MALCOM PHELPS, PAM NSF OFFICE OF POLAR PROGRAMS MOUNTJOY, RICK SMITH, EDUCATION POLLY PENHALE, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE PROGRAM MANAGER DIVISION, NASA HQ ♦ DENNIS GUY GUTHRIDGE, MANAGER OF POLAR INFORMATION PEACOCK, NSF OFFICE OF POLAR ♦ ANTARCTIC FIELD TEAM PROGRAMS KRISHNA V. DEANE RINK, PRODUCER PENDYALA, HOWARD WHITE, ARNEGIE ELLON ♦ BRIAN IGELMAN, CAMERAMAN/EDITOR C M CARL ANDS N NIVERSE SCOTT ENLOW, ASSISTANT CAMERA/EDITOR PENNYPACKER, H O U ♦ TENNIS PACE GREG FALXA, TELECOMMUNICATIONS SPECIALIST, ASA DAVID POWE, NASA S S LIGHT ENTER RI TATE DUCATION ANN STASI DEVEREAUX, NASA ACTS SATELLITE TEAM F C , T -S E NITIATIVE ♦ DANIEL GUTTRICH, NASA ACTS SATELLITE TEAM I GERHARD SALINGER, DAN HOUSEHOLDER, NSF EHR ♦ DOMESTIC ACTS SATELLITE COORDINATION PATRICK SMITH, NSF OPP NASA JPL, PASADENA, CA TELECOMMUNICATIONS SPECIALIST ♦ BRIAN ABBE, TOM JEDREY CORNELIUS SULLIVAN, DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF POLAR PROGRAMS, NSF ♦ BROADCAST COORDINATOR ANDREW WRIGHT, ANTARCTIC GEORGE R. BENEMAN, II SUPPORT ASSOCIATES ♦ DAVID UNIVERSITY TELEVISION CENTER, MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY ZACHARIAS, PRESIDENT, MSU DAVID HUTTO ♦ VERY SPECIAL THANKS PASSPORT TO KNOWLEDGE NATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD THE MEN AND WOMEN OF THE U.S. DALE ANDERSEN, EXOBIOLOGIST, NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER ANTARCTIC PROGRAM ♦ BONNIE BRACEY, TEACHER REPRESENTATIVE, NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE ADVISORY COMMISSION THE RESEARCHERS AND SCIENCE BILL BURNETTE, TRI-STATE EDUCATION INITIATIVE, AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SUPPORT TEAM AT PALMER SCOTT COLETTI, CRITTENDEN MIDDLE SCHOOL, MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA STATION, ANTARCTICA ♦ NASA’S JOSEPH D. EXLINE, CURRICULUM CONSULTANT, FORMER HEAD V-QUEST, VA ACTS SATELLITE EXPERIMENTS CAMILLE MOODY, UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS, NV OFFICE ♦ THE CREW OF THE R/V LINDA MORRIS, DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION/CENTER DIRECTOR, BUEHLER CHALLENGER AND SPACE CENTER, PARAMUS, NJ POLAR DUKE ♦ ANTARCTIC APRIL WHITT, FERNBANK SCIENCE CENTER, DEKALB COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT, ATLANTA, GA SUPPORT ASSOCIATES ♦ NAVY SUPPORT FORCE ANTARCTICA ♦ LFA 2 WEB SITE DESIGNED BY AIR NATIONAL GUARD ♦ AND ALL CENTER FOR CHILDREN AND TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT CENTER, INC. “PTK ADVOCATE” TEACHERS ROBERT SPIELVOGEL, PROJECT DIRECTOR NANCY ROSS, HAN-HUA CHANG, JESSE GILBERT Please note: affiliations cited for ON-LINE MATERIALS HOSTED BY identification purposes only. NASA K-12 INTERNET INITIATIVE KAREN TRAICOFF, MARC SIEGEL, ALAN FEDERMAN WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF NASA’S REMOTE SENSING PUBLIC ACCESS CENTER CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY PBS ONLINE PROJECT EVALUATION CENTER FOR CHILDREN AND TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT CENTER, INC. PBS K-12 TEACHER RESOURCE SERVICE SANDRA WELCH, EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT, PBS LEARNING SERVICES ANITA HARVEY-DIXON, FRANCIS THOMPSON, TOM FLAVELL 2 Live From Antarctica 2 Table of Contents Introductory Articles 36 Program 2:The Secrets of Survival 1 Letter of Welcome from the Project Director 35 Activity 2.1 Unobtrusive Observation and Executive Producer 37 Activity 2.2 Staying Warm in Frigid Water—Heat Exchange 4 Video, On-line and Print: a Guide to the integrated 39 Activity 2.3 Penguin Adaptation multimedia components 40 Activity 2.3.1 Blubber Glove 6 Assessment 40 Activity 2.3.2 An Antarctic Adaptable 7 USAP objectives and Live From Antarctica 2 goals 41 Activity 2.3.3 The Penguin Foraging Simulation Game 43 Activity 2.4 Comparative Marine Biology 8 Opening Activities 8 Activity A.1 Putting Antarctica on the Map 44 Program 3: Seeing the Future? 11 Activity A.2 The “Old Antarctic Explorers” 45 Activity 3.1 An Ozone Primer: 13 Activity A.3 Careers in Antarctic Science and Science Support 46 Activity 3.1.1 Parts per Million 15 Activity A.4 Getting There: Planning Ahead is Half the Battle! 46 Activity 3.1.2 Ozone Destruction 48 Activity 3.2 The Effect of UV-B on Plants 17 Program 1: Ocean, Ice & Life 51 Activity 3.3 From Data to Death 18 Activity 1.1 Life On, Under and In…The Ice 19 Activity 1.1.1 Modeling Krill Behavior 54 Closing Activities 20 Activity 1.1.2 Fish with Nature’s Anti-Freeze 54 Activity B.1 “Antarctic Expo” or Community Showcase 22 Feature: NSF’s Antarctic Artists and Writers Program 56 Activity B.2 Design the “Next” Palmer Station 24 Activity 1.2 Ship Science 58 Activity B.3 “Antarctica: Who Needs It?” 24 Activity 1.2.1 Why Ships Float 60 Getting the Most from On-line 25 Activity 1.2.2 Pulleys, Levers and Rigging 62 Glossary, Vocabulary and Key Concepts 26 Activity 1.3 Oil Water Don’t Mix...or Do They? 63 ACTS and LFA 2 28 Activity 1.4 The Ocean in Motion 64 MultiMedia Resources: books, videos, CD-ROMS, etc. 29 Activity 1.4.1 Hot, Cold and Currents