DCAF REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION AND CONTINGENCY PLANNING AFTER 2014 20 A.F. Douhan and А.V. Rusakovich (eds.) The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces The publication of this book has been funded by the Directorate for Security Policy (SIPOL) – Swiss Federal Department of Defense, Civil Protection and Sports. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces Public Association “Foreign Policy and Security Research Centre” COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION AND CONTINGENCY PLANNING AFTER 2014 A.F. Douhan and А.V. Rusakovich (Eds.) Geneva – Minsk, 2016 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) www.dcaf.ch Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces is one of the leading institutions in the world in the area of security sector reform (SSR) and security sector governance (SSG). DCAF provides advisory support, organizes programs for practical as- sistance, elaborates democratic norms and promotes them at international and national level, promotes best practices and makes political recom- mendations on effective democratic governance in the security sector. DCAF collaborates with governments, parliaments, civil society, interna- tional organizations, as well as a number of security structures, in particu- lar the police, judiciary and intelligence agencies, border services and the armed forces. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces Public association “Foreign Policy and Security Research Centre” COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION AND CONTINGENCY PLANNING AFTER 2014 A.F. Douhan and А.V. Rusakovich (Eds.) Geneva – Minsk, 2016 Authors: A.F. Douhan (Introduction, Ch. 6, section 6.1, Ch. 7, Ch. 8 with N.О. Moroz, Con- clusion); J.М. Кеmbaev (Ch. 5, section 6.2); М.Т. Laumulin (Ch. 3), N.О. Moroz (Ch. 8 coauthored with A.F. Douhan), А.V. Rusakovich (Ch. 1, Ch. 4, Conclusion), А.V. Tihomirov (Ch. 2). Edited by A.F. Douhan and А.V. Rusakovich A.F. Douhan and A.V. Rusakovich, eds., Collective Security Treaty Organization and Contingency Planning after 2014 (Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces and Foreign Policy and Security Research Centre, 2016). DCAF, Regional Programs series no. 20 The book uses the interdisciplinary approach to examine the prospects for the ex- istence and work of the CSTO after 2014, especially in the political, legal and in- formation aspects. The monograph was published as part of a joint project implemented by the Ge- neva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (Switzerland) and the Public Association “Foreign Policy and Security Research Centre” (Belarus). © Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2016 Executive Publisher: Procon Ltd., http://www.procon.bg Original edition: Russian, 2015 Translation into English: Greta Keremidchieva Cover Design: OGS Press ISBN 978-92-9222-346-5 Preface I take pleasure in presenting to the reader this publication which is the result of a fruitful and long-term partnership between the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, the Belarusian State University and our partners from Kazakhstan. We invest efforts to support such interaction as a platform for sharing information, developing common approaches to security and development in the former Soviet Union countries, laying the foundations for regional cooperation in the western, central and northern Asia. The outcome of this collaboration is a series of publications available on the website of the Centre, www.dcaf.ch, in particular: Anatoliy A. Rozanov, Elena F. Dovgan, eds., Collective Security Treaty Or- ganisation 2002–2009 (DCAF, 2010); ISBN 978-92-9222-142-3 (English). Anatoliy A. Rozanov, Alena F. Douhan, eds., Collective Security Treaty Or- ganisation: 2002-2012 (DCAF, 2013); ISBN 978-92-9222-274-1 (English). Anatoliy A. Rozanov, ed., The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Central Asia’s Security Challenges (DCAF, 2013); ISBN 978-92-9222-269- 7 (English, Russian). Geneva, January 2015 Philipp Fluri, Ph.D. Deputy Director DCAF v Table of Contents Preface .......................................................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ vii List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 PART I. CSTO IN THE CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT: THE GEOPOLITICAL COMPONENT .................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1. The Change in the Geopolitical Situation in the former Soviet Union after 2014 ....... 5 А.V. Rusakovich Chapter 2. Approaches of the Main Actors in the Development of CSTO after 2014 (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan) ............................................................................................. 35 А.V. Тihomirov Chapter 3. Afghanistan in the System of Regional Security after the Withdrawal of the International Security Assistance Force ..................................................................... 65 М.Т. Laumulin Chapter 4. Formation of the Eurasian Economic Union and Development of the Collective Security Treaty Organization ..................................................................... 95 А.V. Rusakovich PART II. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION ............................................................................. 117 Chapter 5. Legal Framework and the Document Approval Process within CSTO ................... 119 Zh.М. Кembaev Chapter 6. Implementation of the Commitments Undertaken in the Framework of the CSTO by Member States .............................................................................................................. 135 A.F. Douhan Chapter 7. Legal Basis and Practices of Cooperation between the CSTO and Third Countries and International Organizations ......................................................... 155 A.F. Douhan Chapter 8. The Collective Security Treaty Organization and Information Security .................. 179 A.F. Douhan, N.О. Моroz Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 203 About the Authors ..................................................................................................................... 207 vii List of Abbreviations AF Armed Forces ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations AU African Union CA Central Asia CAR Central Asian Region CARICC Coordination Centre for Combating Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances CCBMA Conference of Confidence-Building Measures in Asia CDM Council of Defence Ministers (of CSTO member states) CES Common Economic Space CFM Council of Foreign Ministers (of CSTO member states) CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CORF Collective Operational Reaction Forces CPF Collective Peacekeeping Forces CRRF Collective Rapid Reaction Forces (of CSTO) CRRF-CAR Collective Rapid Reaction Forces of CAR CSC Collective Security Council CSCE Conference of Security and Co-operation in Europe CSSC Committee of the Secretaries of Security Councils (of CSTO member states) CST Collective Security Treaty CSTO Collective Security Treaty Organisation CU Customs Union DCAF Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces EAEC Eurasian Economic Commission ix x Collective Security Treaty Organization and Contingency Planning after 2014 EAES Eurasian Economic Space EAEU Eurasian Economic Union EAG Eurasian Group on combating money laundering and financing of terrorism EAU Eurasian Union ETIM East Turkestan Islamic Movement (known also as “Turkestan Islamic Movement,” TIM) EU European Union EurAsEC EurAsian Economic Commonwealth FOCL Fibre-Optic Communication Line GDP Gross Domestic Product GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (Geor- gia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova are the member states) ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IMF International Monetary Fund IMT See TIM - Turkestan Islamic Movement IMU Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan IRA Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ISAF International Security Assistance Force (in Afghanistan) KISS Kazakh Institute for Strategic Studies MES Ministry of Emergency Situations MGIMO Moscow State Institute of International Relations (also: MGIMO University) MoI Ministry of the Interior NACC North Atlantic Cooperation Council NAS National Academy of Sciences (of Belarus) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NIMA National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan OAS Organization of American States List of Abbreviations xi OCG Organized Crime Group ODED Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, see also GUAM/GUUAM OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe PRC People’s Republic of China RAS Russian Academy of Sciences RATS Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure RF Russian Federation RK Republic of Kazakhstan SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organisation SCR Security Council Resolution TCS Treaty on Collective Security TIM Turkestan Islamic Movement (known also as “East Turkestan Islamic Movement,” ETIM) UCP United Civil Party (Belarus) UN United Nations USA United States of America USSR Union of the Soviet Socialist