U.S. NAVY NTTP 3-02.2 U.S. MARINE CORPS MCWP 3-31.6 SUPPORTING ARMS COORDINATION IN AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS EDITION MAY 2004 DISTRIBUTION AUTHORIZED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND U.S. DOD CON• TRACTORS ONLY FOR OPERATIONAL USE TO PROTECT TECHNICAL DATA OR INFOR MATION FROM AUTOMATIC DISSEMINATION. THIS DETERMINATION WAS MADE MAY 2004. OTHER REQUESTS SHALL BE REFERRED TO NAVY WARFARE DEVELOPMENT COMMAND, 686 CUSHING ROAD, NEWPORT RI 02841-1207. PRIMARY REVIEW AUTHORITY: SURFACE WARFARE DEVELOPMENT GROUP URGENT CHANGE/ERRATUM RECORD NUMBER DATE ENTERED BY DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS AND HEADQUARTERS, U.S. MARINE CORPS 0411LP1028902 1 MAY 2004 INTENTIONALLY BLANK MAY 2004 2 INTENTIONALLY BLANK MAY 2004 4 May 2004 PUBLICATION NOTICE ROUTING 1. NTTP 3-02.2/MCWP 3-31.6 (MAY 2004), Supporting Arms Coordination in Amphibious Operations, is available in the Navy Warfare Library. It is effective upon receipt. 2. NTTP 3-02.2/MCWP 3-31.6 (MAY 2004) provides the update and consolidation of all amphibious supporting arms tactics, techniques, and procedures into a single publication. Navy Warfare Library Custodian Navy Warfare Library publications must be made readily available to all users and other interested personnel within the U.S. Navy. Note to Navy Warfare Library Custodian This notice should be duplicated for routing to cognizant personnel to keep them informed of changes to this publication. 5 MAY 2004 INTENTIONALLY BLANK MAY 2004 6 Supporting Arms Coordination in Amphibious Operations CONTENTS Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EX.1 OVERVIEW ..........................................EX-1 EX.2 SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION .............................EX-1 EX.3 PUBLICATION ORGANIZATION..............................EX-1 EX.4 TARGET AUDIENCE.....................................EX-2 CHAPTER1—INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE ............................................1-1 1.2 SCOPE ..............................................1-1 1.3 INTENDED USERS .......................................1-1 1.4 SUPPORTING ARMS COORDINATION FUNDAMENTALS ................1-1 1.4.1 Keys to Understanding and Conducting Fire Support ......................1-2 1.4.2 Basic Fire Support Tasks.....................................1-3 1.4.3 Integrating Fires With Maneuver ................................1-4 1.4.4 Fire Support Coordination Principles ..............................1-5 1.4.5 Elements of Supporting Fires ..................................1-6 CHAPTER 2 — COORDINATION AGENCIES AND COMMAND AND CONTROL 2.1 PURPOSE ............................................2-1 2.1.1 Concept of Coordination .....................................2-1 2.2 COORDINATION AGENCIES .................................2-1 2.3 SUPPORTING ARMS COORDINATION CENTER ......................2-1 2.3.1 Supporting Arms Coordinator ..................................2-1 2.3.2 Naval Surface Fire Support Control Section ...........................2-2 2.3.3 Air Support Section .......................................2-3 2.3.4 TargetInformationCenter....................................2-5 2.4 TACTICAL AIR CONTROL CENTER (UNITED STATES NAVY) .............2-6 2.4.1 TACC (USN) Sections ......................................2-7 7 MAY 2004 Page No. 2.5 TACTICAL AIR COMMAND CENTER (UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS) ...... 2-8 2.5.1 TACC (USMC) Sections .....................................2-9 2.5.2 MarineCorps Air Control Agencies Ashore ........................... 2-9 2.5.3 Supporting Amphibious Tactical Air Control System Control Agencies ........... 2-11 2.5.4 Other Service Control Agencies ................................2-12 2.6 FORCE FIRES COORDINATION CENTER .........................2-13 2.6.1 Force Fires Coordination Center and Supporting Arms Coordination Center Relationships . 2-14 2.6.2 Force Fires Coordination Center Organization ......................... 2-14 2.7 FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION CENTER ........................2-15 2.7.1 Landing Force FSCC ......................................2-16 2.7.2 FSCC in the Ground Combat Element .............................2-17 2.8 INTEGRATING AND COORDINATING AIR SUPPORT .................. 2-19 2.9 FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION CENTER PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 2-19 CHAPTER 3 — COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION DATA EXCHANGE 3.1 PURPOSE ............................................3-1 3.2 COMMUNICATIONS PLANNING DURING THE FIVE PHASES OF AN AMPHIBIOUS OPERATION .................................. 3-1 3.2.1 Planning Phase ..........................................3-1 3.2.2 Embarkation Phase Actions ...................................3-5 3.2.3 Rehearsal Phase Actions .....................................3-5 3.2.4 Movement to the Objective Phase Actions............................3-5 3.2.5 AssaultPhase Actions ......................................3-6 3.2.6 Advance Force Operations Actions ...............................3-6 3.3 COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS, AND INTELLIGENCE IN SUPPORTING ARMS COORDINATION................ 3-6 3.3.1 Supporting Arms Coordination Center Communications Requirements ............ 3-6 3.3.2 Supporting Arms Coordination Nets ...............................3-7 3.3.3 Chat Utilization..........................................3-9 3.4 COMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS IN AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS . 3-9 3.5 COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS, AND INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS SUPPORT PLAN........................ 3-10 3.6 JOINT SERVICE OPERATIONS ...............................3-10 3.6.1 Major Planning Considerations .................................3-10 CHAPTER 4 — PLANNING 4.1 PURPOSE ............................................4-1 MAY 2004 8 Page No. 4.2 AMPHIBIOUS PLANNING PROCESS.............................4-1 4.2.1 Tenets of Amphibious Planning .................................4-1 4.2.2 Directives Vital to the Planning Process .............................4-2 4.2.3 Six-StepPlanningProcess....................................4-3 4.2.4 PrimaryDecisions........................................4-5 4.3 SUPPORTING ARMS COORDINATION PLANNING PROCESS ..............4-7 4.3.1 Conceptual Planning .......................................4-7 4.3.2 Functional Planning .......................................4-7 4.3.3 Detailed Planning ........................................4-7 4.3.4 Supporting Arms Coordination Planning ............................4-8 4.4 THE DELIBERATE PLANNING PROCESS AND FIRE SUPPORT .............4-9 4.4.1 Mission Analysis .........................................4-9 4.4.2 Course of Action Development .................................4-10 4.4.3 Course of Action War Game ..................................4-11 4.4.4 Course of Action Comparison and Decision ..........................4-11 4.4.5 Orders Development ......................................4-12 4.4.6 Transition ............................................4-13 4.5 RAPID RESPONSE PLANNING PROCESS .........................4-14 4.5.1 Mission Analysis ........................................4-14 4.5.2 Course of Action Development .................................4-14 4.5.3 Course of Action Presentation and Comparison ........................4-15 4.5.4 Commander’s Decision .....................................4-15 4.5.5 Detailed Planning ........................................4-15 4.5.6 Confirmation Brief .......................................4-16 4.5.7 Mission Execution .......................................4-16 4.6 RAPID RESPONSE PLANNING PROCESS AND FIRE SUPPORT.............4-16 4.6.1 Rapid Fire Support Plan ....................................4-16 4.7 NAVAL SURFACE FIRE SUPPORT .............................4-17 4.7.1 Naval Surface Fire Support Planning ..............................4-17 4.7.2 NSFS Missions and Tasks in Amphibious Operations .....................4-18 4.7.3 Tomahawk Land-Attack Missile in a Supporting Arms Role .................4-20 4.8 INFORMATION OPERATIONS IN SUPPORTING ARMS .................4-21 4.8.1 Operational Information Warfare ................................4-21 4.8.2 Tactical Information Warfare ..................................4-21 4.8.3 Offensive Information Warfare Operations...........................4-21 4.9 AVIATION FIRE SUPPORT PLANNING ..........................4-22 4.9.1 Procedures ...........................................4-22 4.9.2 Consolidation of Aviation Requirements ............................4-22 4.9.3 PreliminaryAirOperations...................................4-22 4.9.4 Assault Air Operations .....................................4-23 4.9.5 Offensive Air Support .....................................4-23 4.9.6 Aviation Planning by the Landing Force ............................4-24 4.9.7 Pre–D-day Operations .....................................4-24 4.9.8 D-dayAirOperations......................................4-25 4.9.9 Post–D-dayAirOperations...................................4-25 9 MAY 2004 Page No. 4.10 GROUND-BASED FIRE SUPPORT PLANNING ......................4-25 4.10.1 Field Artillery ..........................................4-25 4.10.2 Artillery Capabilities ......................................4-25 4.10.3 Artillery Limitations ......................................4-26 4.10.4 Field Artillery Tactical Missions ................................4-26 4.10.5 Mortars.............................................4-26 CHAPTER 5 — TARGETING 5.1 PURPOSE ............................................5-1 5.2 TARGET DEFINITIONS ....................................5-1 5.2.1 Planned Targets .........................................5-1 5.2.2 Immediate Targets ........................................5-1