Terms and Acronyms 1MDB 1Malaysia Development Berhad (state investment fund) ADUN Ahli Dewan Undangan Negeri (state legislator) Angkatan Pemuda Insaf Movement of Aware Youth Barisan Nasional National Front Barisan Sosialis Socialist Front Bersatu Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia, Malaysian United Indigenous Party BJP Bharatiya Janata Party BN Barisan Nasional BR1M Bantuan Rakyat 1Malaysia (1Malaysia People’s Aid) CC Community center CCC Citizens’ Consultative Committee CCMC Community center management committee CDC Community Development Council CDF Constituency development funds CEC Central Executive Committee Ceramah Speech, election rally CSO Civil- society organ ization DAP Demo cratic Action Party DPJ Demo cratic Party of Japan FELDA Federal Land Development Authority FIO Federation of Indian Organisations GRC Group Repre sen ta tion Constituency HDB Housing and Development Board JKKK Jawatankuasa Kemajuan dan Keselamatan Kampung (Village Development and Security Committees) Kaum Ibu Pergerakan Kaum Ibu UMNO (UMNO Women’s Section Movement) Kesatuan Melayu Muda Young Malay Union Ketua kampong Village head xi xii TERMS AND ACRONYMS KMT Kuomintang Kōenkai Japa nese politicians’ personal support networks LDP Liberal Demo cratic Party LF Labour Front LP Labour Party LPM Labour Party Malaysia LSP Liberal Socialist Party MCA Malaysian Chinese Association MCP Malayan Communist Party MES Merakyatkan Ekonomi Selangor (Selangor’s People- based Economy) MIC Malaysian Indian Congress MLA Member of the Legislative Assembly MMM Mixed- member majoritarian MNP Malay Nationalist Party (Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya) MP Member of Parliament MPKK Majlis Pengurusan Komuniti Kampung (Village Community Management Councils) NCMP Non- constituency Member of Parliament NEP New Economic Policy NMP Nominated Member of Parliament NTUC National Trades Union Congress PA People’s Association Pakatan Pakatan Harapan or Pakatan Rakyat Pakatan Harapan Alliance of Hope Pakatan Rakyat People’s Pact PAP People’s Action Party Parti Islam seMalaysia Pan- Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS, initially PMIP) Parti Keadilan Rakyat ­People’s Justice Party Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia Malaysian United Indigenous Party PAS Parti Islam seMalaysia PBB Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (United Bumiputera Heritage Party) PBS Parti Bersatu Sabah (United Sabah Party) PKMS Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura, Singapore Malay National Organisation PKR Parti Keadilan Rakyat TERMS AND ACRONYMS xiii Parti Rakyat Malaysia Malaysian People’s Party PMIP Pan- Malaysian Islamic Party PMLP Pan- Malayan Labour Party PPP People’s Progressive Party PRD Party of the Demo cratic Revolution PRI Institutional Revolutionary Party PRM Parti Rakyat Malaysia (Malayan People’s Party, initially Partai Ra’ayat Malaya, then Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia) RC Residents’ Committee REACH Reaching Every one for Active Citizenry @ Home SATU Singapore Association of Trade Unions SDP Singapore Demo cratic Party SIT Singapore Improvement Trust SMC Single- member constituency SNTV Single non- transferable vote SPA Singapore People’s Alliance SPP Singapore People’s Party SUPP Sarawak United People’s Party TC Town Councils UMNO United Malays National Organisation UNKO United National Kadazan Organisation USNO United Sabah National Organisation Wanita UMNO UMNO women’s wing (previously Kaum Ibu) WP Workers’ Party THE ROOTS OF RESILIENCE .