United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) for sustainable mobility UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti 1 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) for sustainable mobility NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. ISBN 9788897212034 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) for sustainable mobility 4 Acknowledgements The publication “Intelligent Transport Systems for sustainable mobility”, funded by SINA - Società Iniziative Nazionali Autostradali - in Italy, was produced, initiated and prepared by the UNECE Transport Division in cooperation with the secretaries of the Division. The Transport Division wishes to express its sin- cere thanks to all those who contributed to this publication, either with articles or administrative services. A special thanks goes to the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development and the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport for their consistent support of the UNECE related ITS activities. Additional thanks is expressed to those who contributed to the public consul- tation: Ministry of Transport, Azerbaijan; Federal Public Service Mobility and Transport, Belgium; Republic of Bulgaria, Ministry of Transport, Information Technology and Communications; Transport Canada; European Commission, DG MOVE; Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing, France; Israel National Road Safety Authority; Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan; Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Netherlands; Norwegian Public Roads Administration; Department of Transport Policy and International Affairs, Ministry of Infrastructure Republic of Poland; Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications, Sweden; Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communication, Switzerland; Mr. Helmut Meelich, TEM/TER Project Manager; Department of Transport, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Mr. Hermann Meyer, for ERTICO - ITS Europe; Mr. Nico Anten for Connekt/ITS Netherlands; Mr. Vladimir Kryuchkov, CEO for ITS Russia; Dr. Paul Vorster, for ITS South Africa; Mr. Richard Harris for ITS UK; Dr. Costas Panou, Asst. Professor of Transportation Dept. Shipping, Trade & Transport Aegean University - Business School, Greece; Dr. Arpad Torok (PhD) for the KTI - Institute for Transport Sciences; Mr. Jorge Acha- Daza for the Mexican Transport Institute; ASECAP - European Association of Operators of Toll Road Infrastructure, Brussels; Ms. Caroline Visser for the International Road Federation (IRF); Mr. Amin Aschdjai-Benissi for Kapsch Traffic Com, Vienna; Mr. Yves van der Straaten for the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, OICA. 5 Foreword United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon ........................................................................................................................8 Minister of Infrastructures and Transports - Italy ..................................................10 Federal Minister of Transport, Building and Urban Development - Germany Dr. Peter Ramsauer ............................................................................................................12 SINA SpA (ASTM-SIAS group) Chairman of the board Agostino Spoglianti ............................................................................................................14 Introduction United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) ..............................16 Transport in UNECE ..........................................................................................................17 Overview UNECE and Intelligent Transport Systems..................................................................18 Part 1 Background document Aims..........................................................................................................................................23 Systems Intelligent Transport 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................24 2 Long-term and wide-ranging transport objectives................................................25 3 Technical overview of Intelligent Transport Systems ........................................30 3.1 Basic definitions and preliminary considerations..................................................30 3.2 Road transport: the growing interest in safety, security, quality and efficiency ................................................................................................32 3.3 The concepts of safety and security in transport: the role of the Intelligent Transport Systems ........................................................33 3.4 A short outlook on ITS ..............................................................................................35 3.4.1 Roadside contribution to the safety of transport: the role of ITS ............35 3.4.2 Passive, active and preventive safety for vehicles: the role of on-board Information and Communication Technologies ....................42 3.4.3 Cooperative technologies ..............................................................................46 3.4.4 ICT infrastructure and communication networks......................................50 3.4.5 ITS in urban transport ....................................................................................51 3.5 Applications for the transport of dangerous goods (safety and security)................52 ContentContents s 6 ITS for sustainable mobility 4 Outlook of UNECE action in the field of ITS and current provisions............54 4.1 The UNECE Transport Division’s approach to ITS................................................54 4.2 Working Parties and groups of UNECE: generalities, activities and aims ..............56 4.3 Activities performed by UNECE bodies in the field of ITS ..................................57 4.3.1 Informal Group on ITS under WP.29 for in-vehicle ITS ............................58 4.3.2 Informal working group on telematics - Working Party on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (WP.15)....................59 4.3.3 UNECE Road Safety Forum (WP.1) - Informal working group for harmonization of VMS pictograms ........................................................60 4.3.4 Expert group for safety in road tunnels ......................................................62 4.3.5 E-CMR ..............................................................................................................62 4.3.6 Rail transport ..................................................................................................63 4.3.7 Inland Water Transport ..................................................................................64 5 Summary of benefits and challenges in the promotion of ITS..........................65 5.1 Benefits........................................................................................................................65 5.2 Challenges ..................................................................................................................67 Annexes • Some examples and Best practices (enclosed CD ROM) ............................................70 • List of acronyms ................................................................................................................71 • References ..........................................................................................................................73 • Pictures................................................................................................................................76 Part 2 Strategic note 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................80 2 The UNECE Transport Division’s vision, commitment and Road Map for ITS....................................................................................................81 3 Transport growth reaches its limits ..........................................................................82 4 …but ITS can expand the transport sector’s limits ............................................83 5 What is ITS?......................................................................................................................84 6 ITS can contribute to the solution of global issues ............................................85 6.1 ITS and Environment protection..............................................................................85 6.2 ITS and public transport............................................................................................85 6.3 ITS and the Global road safety crisis ......................................................................86 7 Why is ITS not adequately addressed on the policy agenda?............................86 ContentsContents 7 8 Gaps and stumbling blocks in ITS deployment......................................................87 8.1 Lukewarm political will and limited public understanding of ITS benefits........87 8.2 Protection of private data..........................................................................................88 8.3 Different speeds of the public and private