17 NOAA Technical Report NMFS 17 Identification and Estimation of Size From the Beaks of 18 Species of Cephalopods From the Pacific Ocean Gary A. Wolff November 1984 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS NMFS The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implemen­ tation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. 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CONTENTS Introduction. .............................................................................................. 1 Methods. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Results. .................................................................................................. 2 Key for the upper beak ..................................................... .. ............................. 2 Key for the lower beak .................................................................................... 6 Body weight and mantle length estimates from the beak. ......................................................... 8 Discussion ................................................................................................ 8 Literature cited. ........................................................................................... 10 Figures 1. Collection locations of the cephalopods. .................................................................... 11 2. Dimensions measured on the upper and lower beaks. .......................................................... 12 3. Descriptiye characteristics of upper and lower beaks. ......................................................... 13 4. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofOnychoteuthis banksii ............................................. 14 5. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofAbraliopsis affinis and Abraliopsisfelis ................................ 14 6. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofHistioteuthis dofleini .............................................. 15 7. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofHistioteuthis heteropsis. ............................................ 15 8. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofPterygioteuthis giardi and Gonatus onyx ............................... 16 9. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofLeachia danae and Liocranchia reinhardti ............................. 16 10. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofLoligo opalescens ................................................. 17 11. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofOrnithoteuthis volatilis. ............................................ 17 12. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks of Todarodes pacificus ............................................... 18 13. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofNototodarus hawaiiensis 18 14. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofHyaloteuthis pelagica .............................................. 19 15. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofDosidicus gigas. .................................................. 19 16. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofSymplectoteuthis oualaniensis ....................................... 20 17. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofSymplectoteuthis luminosa .......................................... 20 18. Pigmentation changes with growth in beaks ofOmmastrephes bartramii ........................................... 21 19. Upper and lower beaks ofOnychoteuthis banksii .............................................................. 22 20. Upper and lower beaks ofAbraliopsis affinis ................................................................. 23 21. Upper and lower beaks ofHistioteuthis dofleini ............................................................... 24 22. Upper and lower beaks ofHistioteuthis heteropsis ............................................................. 25 23. Upper and lower beaks ofGonatus onyx. .................................................................... 26 24. Upper and lower beaks ofLeachia danae. ................................................................... 27 25. Upper and lower beaks ofAbraliopsisfelis ................................................................... 28 26. Upper and lower beaks ofLoligo opalescens. ................................................................. 29 27. Upper and lower beaks ofLiocranchia reinhardti 30 28. Upper and lower beaks ofPterygioteuthis giardi ............................................................... 31 29. Upper and lower beaks ofOrnithoteuthis volatilis ............................................................. 32 30. Upper and lower beaks of Todarodes pacificus. ............................................................... 33 31. Upper and lower beaks ofNototodarus hawaiiensis ............................................................ 34 32. Upper and lower beaks ofHyaloteuthis pelagica 35 33. Upper and lower beaks ofDosidicus gigas 36 34. Upper and lower beaks ofSymplectoteuthis oualaniensis ........................................................ 37 35. Upper and lower beaks ofSymplectoteuthis luminosa 38 36. Upper and lower beaks ofOmmastrephes bartramii ............................................................ 39 37. Upper and lower beaks of Thysanoteuthis rhombus ............................................................ 40 38. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. body weight ofAbraliopsis affinis and Abraliopsisfelis ......................... 41 39. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. body weight ofPterygioteuthis giardi and Gonatus onyx 42 40. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. body weight ofLeachia danae and Liocranchia reinhardti ...................... 42 41. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. body weight ofLoligo opalescens and Onychoteuthis banksii. .................... 43 42. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. body weight ofHistioteuthis dofleini and Histioteuthis heteropsis 43 43. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. body weight ofNototodarus hawaiiensis and Ommastrephes bartramii ............. 44 44. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. body weight ofDosidicus gigas and Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis ................ 44 45. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. body weight ofOrnithoteuthis volati/is and Symplectoteuthis luminosa ............. 45 46. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. body weight of Todarodes pacificus and Hyaloteuthis pelagica ................... 45 47. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. mantle length ofAbraliopsis affinis and Abraliopsisfelis ........................ 46 48. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. mantle length ofPterygioteuthis giardi and Gonatus onyx. ...................... 46 49. Upper and lower beak rostral length YS. mantle length ofLeachia danae and Liocranchia