NPP South Ukraine Lifetime Extension EIA Expert Statement NPP SOUTH UKRAINE LIFETIME-EXTENSION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Expert Statement Oda Becker Kurt Decker Gabriele Mraz REPORT REP-0774 VIENNA 2021 Project Manager Franz Meister Authors Oda Becker, technical-scientific consultant (content project management, chapters 7, 8, 10) Kurt Decker (chapter 9) Gabriele Mraz, pulswerk GmbH (project coordinator, chapters 4, 5, 6, 11) Translations and Patricia Lorenz english editing Layout/Type setting Thomas Loessl Title photograph © iStockphoto.com/imagestock Contracting authority Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology, Directorate VI/9 General Coordination of Nuclear Affairs GZ: BMNT-UW.1.1.2/0019-I/6/2018 Publications For further information about the publications of the Umweltbundesamt please go to: https://www.umweltbundesamt.at/ Imprint Owner and Editor: Umweltbundesamt GmbH Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna/Austria This publication is only available in electronic format at https://www.umweltbundesamt.at/. © Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Vienna, 2021 All Rights reserved ISBN 978-3-99004-597-8 NPP South Ukraine Lifetime Extension EIA – Contents CONTENTS SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................6 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG................................................................................................ 11 РЕЗЮМЕ ...................................................................................................................... 17 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 23 1 PROCEDURE AND ALTERNATIVES ............................................................ 24 1.1 Treatment in the EIA documents ........................................................... 24 1.2 Discussion .................................................................................................... 25 1.3 Conclusions, questions and preliminary recommendations ........... 26 1.3.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 27 1.3.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 27 2 SPENT FUEL AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE ................................................. 28 2.1 Treatment in the EIA documents ........................................................... 28 2.2 Discussion .................................................................................................... 29 2.3 Conclusions, questions and preliminary recommendations ........... 30 2.3.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 30 2.3.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 30 3 LONG-TERM OPERATION OF REACTOR TYPE......................................... 31 3.1 Treatment in the EIA documents ........................................................... 31 3.2 Discussion .................................................................................................... 34 3.3 Conclusions, questions and preliminary recommendations ........... 47 3.3.1 Questions....................................................................................................... 48 3.3.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 49 4 ACCIDENT ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 51 4.1 Treatment in the EIA documents ........................................................... 51 4.2 Discussion .................................................................................................... 56 4.3 Conclusions, questions and preliminary recommendations ........... 62 4.3.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 64 4.3.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 64 5 ACCIDENTS DUE TO EXTERNAL HAZARDS .............................................. 65 5.1 Treatment in the EIA documents ........................................................... 65 Umweltbundesamt REP-0774, Vienna 2021 | 3 NPP South Ukraine Lifetime Extension EIA – Contents 5.2 Discussion .................................................................................................... 66 5.3 Conclusions, questions and preliminary recommendations ........... 68 5.3.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 69 5.3.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 70 6 ACCIDENTS WITH THIRD PARTIES’ INVOLVEMENT ............................... 71 6.1 Treatment in the EIA documents ........................................................... 71 6.2 Discussion .................................................................................................... 71 6.3 Conclusions, questions and preliminary recommendations ........... 74 6.3.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 74 6.3.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 75 7 TRANS-BOUNDARY IMPACTS .................................................................... 76 7.1 Treatment in the EIA documents ........................................................... 76 7.2 Discussion .................................................................................................... 76 7.3 Conclusions, questions and preliminary recommendations ........... 78 7.3.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 79 7.3.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 79 8 SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS AND PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 80 8.1 Procedure and alternatives ..................................................................... 80 8.1.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 80 8.1.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 80 8.2 Spent Fuel and radioactive waste .......................................................... 80 8.2.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 80 8.2.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 81 8.3 Long-term operation of reactor type .................................................... 81 8.3.1 Questions....................................................................................................... 81 8.3.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 81 8.4 Accident analysis ........................................................................................ 83 8.4.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 83 8.4.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 83 8.5 Accidents due to external hazards ........................................................ 84 8.5.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 84 8.5.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 85 8.6 Accidents with third parties’ involvement ........................................... 85 8.6.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 85 8.6.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 86 Umweltbundesamt REP-0774, Vienna 2021 | 4 NPP South Ukraine Lifetime Extension EIA – Contents 8.7 Trans-boundary impacts........................................................................... 86 8.7.1 Questions:...................................................................................................... 86 8.7.2 Preliminary Recommendations: ................................................................. 86 9 REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 87 10 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ 91 11 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... 92 12 GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................... 93 Umweltbundesamt REP-0774, Vienna 2021 | 5 NPP South Ukraine Lifetime Extension EIA – Summary SUMMARY The Ukrainian nuclear power plant South Ukraine (SUNPP) is located at the Southern Bug River in the Mykolaiv province. At the South Ukraine site, three VVER-1000 reactors are in operation. The reactors were connected to the grid between 1982 and 1989. The NPP is owned by the State Enterprise “National Nuclear Energy Generating Company Energoatom” (SE NNEGC), in short Energoatom. SE SUNPP is a sepa- rate entity of Energoatom. For the lifetime extension