ESSENTIALS OF FIRE FIGHTING INTERNATIONAL FIRE SERVICE TRAINING ASSOCIATION Scene Lighting, Rescue Tools, Vehicle Extrication, and Technical Rescue Chapter Contents Case History ......................................479 Vehicle Extrication ..............................504 Emergency Scene Lighting Equipment ......479 Scene Size-Up................................................ 504 Electric Generators ....................................... 480 Assessing the Need for Extrication ................511 Lighting Equipment ...................................... 481 Stabilizing the Vehicle ..................................513 Auxiliary Electrical Equipment ...................... 482 Securing the Electrical System ......................517 Maintenance of Electric Generators Passenger Safety Systems .............................518 and Lighting Equipment ........................... 484 Gaining Access to Victims ............................ 522 Rescue Tools .....................................486 Cutting Posts ................................................ 528 Power Sources ............................................. 486 Displacing the Dashboard ............................ 528 Powered Rescue Tools ................................. 489 Technical Rescue Incidents ...................531 Cutting Tools ................................................. 491 Initial Actions ................................................ 532 Stabilizing Tools ............................................ 493 Incident Specific Tasks ................................. 534 Lifting Tools ................................................... 496 Chapter Summary ...............................549 Pulling Tools ................................................. 498 Review Questions ...............................550 Tools Used in Other Activities ...................... 502 Skill Sheets .......................................551 Rescue Tool Maintenance ............................. 503 476 Chapter 10 • Scene Lighting, Rescue Tools, Vehicle Extrication, and Technical Rescue Scene Lighting, Rescue Tools, Vehicle Extrication, and Technical Rescue Chapter 10 Key Ter ms Arc ..................................................484 Lockout/Tagout Device .........................545 B-Post ..............................................519 Low-Head Dam ..................................542 Case-Hardened Steel ...........................528 Nader Pin .........................................526 Cribbing ...........................................496 Power Take-Off (PTO) System .................480 Extrication ........................................479 Pretensioner .....................................506 Generator .........................................480 Safety Glass .....................................522 Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) ......484 Secondary Collapse .............................538 Ground Gradient .................................549 Stabilization .....................................493 Hypothermia .....................................542 Tempered Glass .................................522 Intrinsically Safe ................................483 Unibody Construction ..........................527 Inverter ...........................................481 Wheel Chock .....................................495 NFPA® Job Performance Requirements This chapter provides information that addresses the following job performance requirements of NFPA® 1001, Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications (2013). Firefighter I Firefighter II 5.3.17 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.5.4 Chapter 10 • Scene Lighting, Rescue Tools, Vehicle Extrication, and Technical Rescue 477 Firefighter I Chapter Objectives 1. Identify types of emergency scene lighting equipment. (5.3.17) Firefighter II Chapter Objectives 1. Explain considerations for maintenance of electric generators and lighting equipment. (6.4.2, 6.5.4) 2. Describe the types of rescue tools and equipment. (6.4.2, 6.5.4) 3. Explain the uses and limitations of each type of rescue tool. (6.4.1, 6.4.2, 6.5.4) 4. Identify the role of a fire department during vehicle extrication. (6.4.1) 5. Describe safety considerations that must be identified and mitigated during vehicle extrication. (6.4.1) 6. Explain the use of cribbing material during vehicle extrication. (6.4.1) 7. Describe the methods used for gaining access to victims during vehicle extrication. (6.4.1) 8. Explain the role a Firefighter II will play in technical rescue operations. (6.4.2) 9. Describe the various types of technical rescue operations. (6.4.2) 10. Explain the unique hazards associated with each type of technical rescue operation. (6.4.2) 11. Demonstrate the steps for inspecting, servicing, and maintaining a portable generator and lighting equipment. (Skill Sheet 10-II-1, 6.5.4) 12. Prevent horizontal movement of a vehicle using wheel chocks. (Skill Sheet 10-II-2, 6.4.1) 13. Stabilize a vehicle using cribbing. (Skill Sheet 10-II-3, 6.4.1) 14. Stabilize a vehicle using lifting jacks. (Skill Sheet 10-II-4, 6.4.1) 15. Stabilize a vehicle using a system of ropes and webbing. (Skill Sheet 10-II-5, 6.4.1) 16. Stabilize a side-resting vehicle using a buttress tension system. (Skill Sheet 10-II-6, 6.4.1) 17. Remove a windshield in an older model vehicle. (Skill Sheet 10-II-7, 6.4.1) 18. Remove a tempered glass side window. (Skill Sheet 10-II-8, 6.4.1) 19. Remove a roof from an upright vehicle. (Skill Sheet 10-II-9, 6.4.1) 20. Remove a roof from a vehicle on its side. (Skill Sheet 10-II-10, 6.4.1) 21. Displace the dashboard. (Skill Sheet 10-II-11, 6.4.1) 478 Chapter 10 • Scene Lighting, Rescue Tools, Vehicle Extrication, and Technical Rescue Chapter 10 Scene Lighting, Rescue Tools, Vehicle Extrication, and Technical Rescue Case History Fire department units responded to a vehicle accident on an icy highway. The incident required extrication of victims from the vehicle. The highway was closed by law enforcement personnel in the direction of travel in which the vehicle accident occurred. However, there were no physical barriers between the incident scene and the opposing direction of travel. A tour bus approach- ing from the opposing direction lost control, crossed the median, and entered the immediate accident scene. Fortunately, the bus did not strike any vehicles or personnel. Emergency responders at the scene felt safe and became complacent because the traffic behind them was blocked. No consideration was given to the traffic coming from the opposing direction. In fact, traffic should have been stopped on both sides of the highway. Source: National Fire Fighter Near-Miss Reporting System. Emergency incidents will often require supplemental lighting provided by apparatus mounted lights or portable lighting systems. Firefighter I firefighters must be able to operate this equipment, and Firefighter II firefighters must also be able to main- tain it. Rescues from structure fires are just one of many type of rescues that fire departments perform. Some of these rescues, such as confined-space, ice/water, and structural collapse, require specialized training and tools. As a Firefighter I you must be able to use emergency scene lighting equipment under the direction of your su- pervisor or the Incident Commander (IC). As a Firefighter II, you must be able to use Extrication — Incident in emergency scene lighting equipment and manual and power-operated rescue tools. which a trapped victim must be You must also perform vehicle extrications and assist specialized technical rescue removed from a vehicle or other personnel. This chapter provides you with the basic knowledge needed to perform type of machinery. these tasks based on the requirements found in NFPA® 1001. Emergency Scene Lighting Equipment Emergency scene lighting is required at all incidents that occur at night, in low-light conditions, or inside structures where normal lighting is not available. This equip- ment includes lights, electrical generators, and auxiliary electrical equipment (Figure 10.1, p. 480). Chapter 10 • Scene Lighting, Rescue Tools, Vehicle Extrication, and Technical Rescue 479 Figure 10.2 Portable electric generators provide electricity to scene lighting and other rescue equipment. Figure 10.1 Full-scene lighting equipment includes a portable generator, cord, and the lights themselves. Courtesy of Shad Cooper/Wyoming State Fire Marshal’s Office. Electric Generators Generator — Portable device for generating auxiliary Emergency scene lighting and portable rescue equipment are powered by portable electrical power; generators are electric generators, apparatus-mounted generators, or the apparatus electrical sys- powered by gasoline or diesel tem. Generators are the most common power source used by emergency services engines and typically have personnel (Figure 10.2). 110- and/or 220-volt capacity outlets. Portable electric generators are powered by small gasoline or diesel engines and have 110- and/or 220-volt capacity outlets. Most are light enough to be carried by two people. They are useful when vehicle-mounted electrical systems are not available. Power Take-Off (PTO) System Vehicle-mounted generators produce more power than portable units (Figure 10.3). — Mechanism that allows They can be powered by gasoline, diesel, propane gas engines, or by hydraulic or a vehicle engine to power power take-off (PTO) systems. They typically have 110- and 220-volt outlets and equipment such as a pump, winch, or portable tool; it produce more than 50 kW of power. Vehicle-mounted generators with a separate