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Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material in mi­ crofiche only has ~een granted by Austra11an Instltute of 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 Cr1mlnology to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). ~urther reprodu~tion outside of the NCJRS system requires permis­ sion of the cOPYright owner. MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-J963-A p Microfilming procedures used to create this fiche comply with the standards set forth in 41CFR 101-11.504. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the author(s) and do not represent the official position or policies of the U. S. Department of Justice . .J . .r- National Institute of Justice United States Department of Justice Washington, D. C. 20531 r r REVIEW OF AUSTRALIAN CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH PAPERS FROM A SEMINAR 24-27 FEBRUARY 19B1 Edited by David Biles Assistant Director (.Research) Australian Institute of Criminology Australian Institute of Criminology· Canberra 1981 -- i CONTENTS ©Australian Institute of Criminology 1981 FOREWORD PAGE NO. v Published and printed by the Australian W. Clifford Institute of Criminology, 10-1~ C01b~~ Court, Phillip, A.C.T. Australla, 26 . CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN PERSPECTIVE I 1 I David Biles i. THE CURRENT STATUS OF AUSTRALIAN CRIMINOLOGICAL HESEARCH I 7 ~ SUMMARIES OF PAPERS II Ray Whitrod EXPANDED OPPORTUNITIES FOR CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH: CRIME VICTIMS 15 The J.V. Barry Memo rial Library has catalogued this work Roman Tomasic as follows: .I ) PARADIGMS OF COURT RESEARCH ~I 16 364.072094 Maggie Brady and Rodney Morice ABORIGINAL YOUNG OFFENDERS IN AN ISOLATED CO~WUNITY l' criminological research 19 ·REVIEW of Austra la~ ar 24-27 February 1981 Peter Cashman papers from a 'dsemB~nles __ Canberra : Australian edited by Davl 1 LEGAL REPRESENTATION IN MAGISTRATES COURTS Institute of Criminology, 1981. 21 Edward Sikk 1ISeminar .,. conducted by the Institute"-Foreword. AVOIDING DELAY IN MAGISTRATES COURTS 23 C' and crimina1s-Research-Australia-Congresses. Ross Homel 1. 't" e Administration of-Research- 2. Crlmlnalr~m~ JUs lC," 'd II Australian SENTENCING DRINKING DRIVERS IN NEW SOUTH WALES Austra 1"la- Congresses. 1. Blles, Davl. 25 Institute of Criminology. David Smith POLICE/COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT PROGRAM - PILOT PROJECT ISBN 0 642 89617 8 27 Lionel Claydon RESPONSE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL POLICE 30 Judith Worrall STATISTICS FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CRIMINAL COURTS 32 Chris Foley-Jones A SURVEY OF WESTEHN AUSTRALIAN DHUG OFFENDEHS 34 Dennis Challinger CRIMES AGAINST RETAILERS: A VICTIMISATION SURVeY 35 Satyanshu Mukherjee SENTENCING OF FEDEHAL OFFENDERS 38 --- ii iii PAGE NO. PAGE NO. Donald Perlgut CRIME PREVENTION AND THE DESIGN AND Charlie Rook MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC DEVELOPMENTS 39 THE VALUE OF PRISON CENSUSES 73 John Minnery and Geoff Veal John Braithwaite CRIME PERCEPTION AND RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY JUST DESERTS JUST CANNOT BE JUST 75 IN AN INNER CITY SUBURB 41 DaVld Biles John Walker CRIME AND THE USE OF IMPRISONMENT 76 DEMOGRAPHY, PLANNING AND CRIME 43 Jocelynne Scutt Duncan Chappell SUFFERING IN SILENCE? A PRELIMINARY REVIEW SENTENCING: THE VIEWS OF AUSTRALIAN JUDICIAL OFFICERS 45 OF EIGHT CASES OF BATTERED HUSBANDS 78 Gerry McGrath Marlene Siskind INSTITUTIONAL PRESS: A CASE STUDY OF SECONDARY REVIEW OF WELFARE SERVICES FOR PRISONERS SOCIALISATION IN AN AUSTRALIAN POLICE ACADEMY 46 AND PRISONERS' FAMILIES IN QUEENSLAND 79 Bruce Swanton Eric Cunningham Dax POLICE UNIONISM IN AUSTRALIA 49 ARTISTIC EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE IN PERSONALITY DISORDERS 83 Don Thomson IMPLICATIONS OF MEMORY RESEARClI FOR .JUDICIAL PROCEDURES 51 Ali Landauer and Derek Pocock THE SEVERITY OF JUVENILE OFFENCES AS JUDGED BY JUVENILES 85 Wendy Bacon Allan Haines WOMEN HOMICIDE OFFENDERS 52 INTRINSIC RESISTANCE COGNITIVE STRATEGY TRAINING OF Beryl Morris EDUCABLE MENTALLY RETARDED (EMR) CHILDREN IN HYPOTHETICAL TEMPTATION TO STEAL SITUATIONS ENTOMOLOGICAL TIMING OF DEATH 54 87 Bernard Lynch Peter Grabosky ROBBERY IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA EVIDENCE FROM GLASS 55 88 Keith Terry and Arie Van Riessen Brent Fisse THE IDENTIFICATION OF SMALL GLASS FRAGMENTS SANCTIONS AGAINST CORPORATIONS 90 FOR FORENSIC PURPOSES 58 Glenn Withers Peter Thatcher and Frederick Bull A QUANTITATIVE MODEL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE: THE IDENTIFICATION OF PETROLEUM RESIDUES IN ARSONS 60 AUSTRALIA 1964-1976 91 Carol Roe Sandra Egger and Jeff Sutton COMMUNITY SERVICE ORDERS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA 62 EVALUATION OF LAW REFORM IN NEW SOUTH WALES 94 Don Porritt, J. Turnbull and G. Cooney PREDICTION OF PERFORMANCE IN A WORK RELEASE PROGRAM 66 CONCLUSIONS 97 Tony Raux Appendix A THE FIRST THREE MON'DiS OF FREEDOM 68 NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF PARTICIPANTS ]03 Ivan Potas SENTENCING MENTALLY DISORDERED OFFENDImS 71 Appendix B EVALUATION OF THE SEMINAR 109 t ---------~-- ~-------------.------ .. Pre~eding page blank r v r FOREWORD The seminar which generated the papers contained in this vol~~e was the second of its type conducted by the Institute. The first, he J.d in February 1979, was ~argely attended by l'ecipients of grants from the Criminology Resl:::arch Council, the Institute's own research staff and a small number of researchers employed by other organisa- tions, The same groups were represented at the 1981 seminar but research workers from police and corrections departments were also included. This expansion meant that over 40 papers were presented during the four­ day period and therefore only brief outlines of current or recently completed research could be permitted. The bulk of this volume comprises summaries of papers that were prepared by the researchers who participated. More details of the research projects outlined here may be obtained by contacting individual researchers directly. The aims of the seminar were to provide an opportunity for persons engaged in criminological research to discuss their work with fellow researchers and to encourage comment and criticism with a view to improving the quality of such research in Australia. The hope was also expressed that the seminar might reveal the strengths and weaknesses of Australian criminological research and perhaps suggest new directions for the future. It is obviously difficult to assess the extent to which these aims were achieved but informal comments from participants as well as the results of the post-sem~nar questionnaire survey clearly indicate that the majority found the seminar to be both valuable and interesting. It has also been suggested by a number of participants that in the two years since the previous research seminar there has been a significant improvement in the quality of the research being undertaken. One feature of the 1981 seminar that distinguished it from the earlier one and from nearly all other Institute activities was the participation of forensic scientists. The Criminology Research Council has made a small number of grants to facilitate research in the field of forensic science and the contributions that these researchers made to the seminar provided a new dimension to the thinking of Illany criminolog­ ists. Their research style contrasts sharply with that adopted by social scientists and lawyers but it is clear that there is much to be gained on both sides from the interchange of ideas between all disciplines concerned with the prevention of crime and its consequences. The organisation of this seminar and the preparation of this publication would not have been possible without the assistance and cooperation of a number of people. Training Division staff of tho Institute helped with a range of organisational and administrative details, but a great deal of the preparation and all of the typing of this report was done by my secretary, Mrs Marjorie Johnson, whose diligence and attention to detail made this project possible. David Biles March 1981 --.... ·,·, r, r CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN PERSPECTIVE W. CLIFFORD Criminological research was once the relatively straightforward study of a more or less definable phenomenon. There was, for earlier generations of scholars, a distinct social problem to be analysed, explained and controlled. Durkheim, Quetelet, Lombroso, Shaw and Mackay, Alexander and Healy, the Gluecks, were all trail blazers in a new eclectic jungle of genetic, psychological, and sociological concepts. They were the empiricists - true to the traditions of Auguste Comte, concentrating not on unanswerable metaphysical questions of 'why' but on the practical issues of 'how I • At least so they thought, but we now know to what extent there were assumptions and unsubstantiated