per ConcordiamJournal of European Security and Defense Issues n RATING COUNTERTERROR n MISSILE SHIELD What’s working, what’s not Russia edges toward cooperation n UPGRADING NATO PLUS Focus on reconnaissance and surveillance Securing food supplies n POST-SOVIET GEORGIA Protecting airline privacy Building democracy in the Caucasus Peace at the North Pole A Balancing Act NATO's New Strategic Concept Table of Contents features ON THE COVER NATO’s New Strategic Concept recommits the Alliance to providing stability in an ever-changing security environment. In an era of tight budgets, NATO members must 16 Blueprint for the accomplish missions more efficiently. An Next Decade emphasis on partnership building – and NATO’s New Strategic Concept a more effective use of manpower and creates a forward-looking guide equipment – will be vital as NATO confronts for the 60-year-old Alliance. the challenges of the 21st century. 24 NATO’s Post-Lisbon p. Challenge 10 The Alliance strives to fulfill its Partnership Building in the goals in an era of tighter budgets. 21st Century 30 NATO’s Need to The 2010 Lisbon Summit highlights the Know need for flexibility in NATO’s global mission. Members seek cost-effective ways to share intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. PER CONCORDIAM ILLUSTRATION 34 NATO 3.0 Agility is key to reforming and improving the North Atlantic Alliance. 2 perConcordiam departments 4 Director’s Letter 5 Contributors 6 In This Issue 7 Letters to the Editor 8 Viewpoint 64 Book Review 66 Calendar p.24 COOPERATION SECURITY POLICY 38 A Promising 50 Food as Security 60 Increasing Security Post-Soviet Start Global food price increases have Europe considers methods to The Caucasus would benefit if the potential to spread insecurity prevent aviation terrorism while Georgia succeeds in its political and instability. protecting civil liberties. and economic reforms. 54 Peace at the Pole 42 Europe’s Missile The pursuit of oil and gas buried Shield in the Arctic need not become a source of conflict. NATO and russia consider ballistic missile defense through the Phased Adaptive Approach. 58 Counterterrorism at a Crossroads 46 Integrating Central recent successes in thwarting Asia international terror networks should not make Europe The natural resource-rich region complacent. progresses toward economic cooperation and diversification. p.46 p.60 perConcordiam 3 DIrector'S Letter Welcome to this issue of per Concordiam, which addresses NATO’s New Strategic Concept. For more than 60 years, NATO has been a successful Alliance of leaders with the vision and commitment to face security challenges that confront Europe. With the adoption of NATO’s New Strategic Concept by the heads of state and governments of the Alliance, following the Lisbon conference, a new vision and direction for NATO is evolving. NATO protected the trans-Atlantic area for more than 40 years of the Cold War. As the Cold War ended and old security threats dwindled, a renewed growth in democracy, economics and security spread across Europe and Eurasia. To embrace the changing security picture, NATO began to expand membership in the Alliance. Millions of people previously cut off behind the Iron Curtain rejoined Europe, and a wave of hope swept across the Continent. New security challenges to the Alliance emerged with the dawn of this new era. Keith W. Dayton Director, George C. Marshall European New regional crises were caused by failing states, violent extremism, and frozen Center for Security Studies conflicts. As the former Soviet Union disintegrated, the possibility of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction increased. These security challenges caused NATO Keith W. Dayton retired as a to reassess its Strategic Concept. Lieutenant General from the U.S. The phrase “Active Engagement, Modern Defense” summarizes the New Army in late 2010 after more Strategic Concept. The new strategy addresses the global context of emerging secu- than 40 years of service. His last rity issues and encourages Allies to modernize their armed forces. The contributors assignment on active duty was as in this issue of per Concordiam examine some of the challenges NATO members U.S. Security Coordinator to Israel face in implementing the new strategy. Among the many hurdles are the increas- and the Palestinian Authority in ing gap between U.S. and European defense expenditures and capabilities and the Jerusalem. An artillery officer by increasing financial costs of building net-centric military forces. Member nations training, he also has served as are dealing with major downturns in their economies and evaluating austerity politico-military staff officer for measures to ensure government programs are funded adequately. Another concern the Army in Washington, D.C., and is how to make the NATO decision-making process more timely to respond to an U.S. Defense Attaché in Russia. evolving security environment. He worked as director of the Iraqi We look forward to your comments on NATO’s New Strategic Concept. Your Survey Group for Operation Iraqi responses will be included in our next two issues, the first about the wave of change Freedom in Iraq. He earned a in North Africa and its impact on Europe and the second about the effects of crime Senior Service College Fellowship and corruption on national security. Please contact us at [email protected] to Harvard University, and served as the Senior Army Fellow on the Council on Foreign Relations Sincerely, in New York. Gen. Dayton has a bachelor’s degree in history from the College of William and Mary, a master’s degree in history from Cambridge University and another Keith W. Dayton in international relations from the Director University of Southern California. 4 perConcordiam CONTrIBUTOrS per T.J. Cipoletti is a research associ- Adm. James G. Stavridis as- ate with the Henry A. Kissinger sumed duties as Commander Chair at the Center for Strategic of the U.S. European Command Journal of european Security and International Studies, where and as the Supreme Allied Com- and defense Issues he conducts research and orga- mander Europe in early summer nizes programs on international 2009. A surface warfare offi cer, politics, diplomacy and national security with a he commanded the destroyer USS Barry (DDG- NATO’s New focus on European and trans-Atlantic security 52) from 1993 to 1995, completing U.N./NATO Strategic Concept and political trends. Before joining CSIS, he com- deployments to Haiti, Bosnia and the Arabian Volume 2, Issue 3 pleted internships on Capitol Hill in Washington Gulf. In 1998, he commanded Destroyer Squad- and at the Intellibridge Corp., where he authored ron 21 and deployed to the Arabian Gulf, open-source intelligence briefs on European winning the Navy League’s John Paul Jones George C. Marshall European political and security developments for corporate Award for Inspirational Leadership. From 2002 Center for Security Studies clients. Mr. Cipoletti graduated from Bethany to 2004, he commanded Enterprise Carrier LEADERSHIP College with a bachelor’s degree in political Strike Group, conducting combat operations science and received his master’s in European in the Arabian Gulf in support of Opera- politics and governance from the London School tion Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Keith W. Dayton of Economics and Political Science. Freedom. From 2006 to 2009, he commanded director U.S. Southern Command in Miami. Stavridis is a 1976 distinguished graduate of the U.S. Naval hermann Wachter Oana Lungescu is spokesperson Academy. He earned doctoral and master’s german deputy director for NATO. She joined NATO after degrees from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in 1984. a journalistic career with the BBC Dr. James C. MacDougall World Service, where she covered the European Union and NATO u.S. deputy director for radio, television and online. In Alessandro Scheffler is 1985, she joined the BBC’s Romanian Service in academic coordinator of the MARSHALL CENTER London and was later appointed European affairs M.A. in International Security The George C. Marshall European Center correspondent in Brussels, where she covered Studies program (MISS) at the for Security Studies is a German- nearly every EU and NATO summit. Between 2009 Universität der Bundeswehr American partnership founded in 1993. and 2010, she reported on European affairs from München and the George C. The staff of this security studies institute Berlin. Her documentary series “State Secrets,” Marshall European Center for Security Studies. furthers the vision of the post-World War about secret police archives and her own fi le Previously, he was a research intern with the II Marshall Plan into the 21st century. within them, received a jury’s commendation in Henry A. Kissinger Chair at the Center for The center promotes dialogue and the 2010 UACES-Thompson Reuters Reporting Strategic and International Studies, where Europe awards. In 2002, Ms. Lungescu received a understanding between European, his research focused on European defense European Woman of Achievement Award. Eurasian, North American and other capabilities and economic trends. Before then nations. The theme of its resident courses he was a course assistant at the NATO Defense and outreach events: Most 21st century College. Mr. Scheffler holds a bachelor’s in security challenges require interna- Col. Gregg Vander Ley is a U.S. economics and social sciences from the Free tional, interagency and interdisciplinary Air Force master navigator serv- University of Bozen-Bolzano and a master’s in response and cooperation. ing on the Department of the Air international security studies from the University Force staff in the Operations Direc- of St Andrews’ School of International Relations, torate. A recent Marshall Center where he was also a postgraduate research CONTACT US Senior Fellow graduate, he holds intern at the Centre for the Study of Terrorism Per Concordiam editors a bachelor’s degree from the University of North- and Political Violence.