Learn More / Supporting Materials / Source of Further Reading Suggested reading 1. Dawn Worrall., Southern Analysis of Transgenic Tobacco Plants. Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 81: Plant Virology Protocols. 2. S.R. Bhat and S. Srinivasan Molecular and genetic analyses of transgenic plants:Considerations and approaches. Plant Science 163 (2002) 673 -681 Apart from above resources, the content writer should provide other useful resources related to the subject to expand the knowledge of the student and it will motivate the student to know more about the concept widen their knowledge. • Glossary • Timeline • Did you know • Web links / references • Interesting facts 2.1 Glossary Starting Term Defination Related Term Character <Characte Transgene The term transgene describes a segment of r> DNA containing a gene sequence that has been isolated from one organism and is introduced into a different organism. This non- native segment of DNA may retain the ability to produce RNA or protein in the transgenic organism, or it may alter the normal function of the transgenic organism's genetic code. <Characte Northern blot The northern blot is a technique used in r> molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA (or isolated mRNA) in a sample. <Characte Southern blot A Southern blot is a method routinely used in r> molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. <Characte Restriction Restriction endonucleases are used to cut r> endonucleases high-molecular-weight DNA strands into smaller fragments Did you know? Description Image Source Southern blotting was named Southern, Edwin Mellor (5 November 1975). "Detection of specific sequences after Edward M. Southern who among DNA fragments separated by gel developed this procedure at electrophoresis". Journal of Molecular Biology 98 (3): 503–517. Edinburgh University in the doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(75)80083-0. 1970s. ISSN 0022-2836. PMID 1195397 Other blotting methods (i.e., Towbin et al.; Staehelin, T; western blot, northern blot, Gordon, J (1979). "Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from eastern blot, southwestern blot) polyacrylamide gels to that employ similar principles, nitrocellulose sheets: procedure but using RNA or protein, have and some applications". PNAS 76 later been named in reference to (9): 4350. Edwin Southern's name. As the doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350. PMID 388439. technique was eponymously named, Southern blot is Burnette, W. Neal (April 1981). capitalized as is conventional for "Western Blotting: proper nouns. The names for Electrophoretic Transfer of other blotting methods may Proteins from Sodium Dodecyl follow this convention, by Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gels to Unmodified Nitrocellulose and analogy.positive results and red Radiographic Detection with color for negative. Note that this Antibody and Radioiodinated detection only can confirm the Protein A". Analytical presence or the absence of analyte Biochemistry 112 (2): 195–203. not the actual concentration. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281- 5. ISSN 0003-2697. PMID 6266278 1.1 WebLinks Web links http://www.clinchem.org/content/51/12/2415/F4.expansion.html link.springer.com/protocol/10.1385%2F1-59259-177-9%3A301 http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~perreau/Chem4590_2014/Main.htm 1.2 Interesting Facts southern blotting 1. Southern transfer may be used for homology-based cloning on the basis of amino acid sequence of the protein product of the target gene. Oligonucleotides are designed that are similar to the target sequence. 2. The oligonucleotides are chemically synthesised, radiolabeled, and used to screen a DNA library, or other collections of cloned DNA fragments. Sequences that hybridise with the hybridisation probe are further analysed, for example, to obtain the full length sequence of the targeted gene. 3. Southern blotting can also be used to identify methylated sites in particular genes. Particularly useful are the restriction nucleases MspI and HpaII, both of which recognize and cleave within the same sequence. 4. However, HpaII requires that a C within that site be methylated, whereas MspI cleaves only DNA unmethylated at that site. Therefore, any methylated sites within a sequence analyzed with a particular probe will be cleaved by the former, but not the latter, enzyme. .