OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND OPEN ACCESS RESOURCES FOR ENHANCING LIBRARY SERVICES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY BY PAWAN R. AGRAWAL THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH GUIDE DR. SHYAMA RAJARAM DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE FACULTY OF ARTS THE MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIVERSITY OF BARODA VADODARA-390002 GUJARAT, INDIA MAY 2014 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the research titled ‘Open Source Software and Open Access Resources for Enhancing Library Services: An Exploratory Study’, incorporates the results of an independent study carried out by Mr. Pawan R. Agrawal under the guidance of Dr. Shyama Rajaram for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Science. The contents presented herein have not been submitted for the award of any other Degree or Diploma of this or any other university. (Mr. Pawan R. Agrawal) (Dr Shyama Rajaram) Research Candidate Research Guide DECLARATION I hereby declare that the research work presented in this thesis has been prepared and carried out by me. The descriptions and narrations found therein are entirely original. I also declare that such material as has been obtained from other sources has been duly acknowledged. Date: Pawan R. Agrawal Place: Vadodara Research Candidate Table of Contents Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………………...i Preface…………..…………………………………………………………………………………….iii List of Abbreviation….………………………………………………………………………………...v CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Genesis of library automation ................................................................................................. 2 1.3. ARPANET, Internet and Emergence of Online Databases ..................................................... 5 1.4. Evolution of Digital Divide..................................................................................................... 6 1.5. Development of Open Source Software and Open Access Resources .................................... 8 1.6. Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 10 1.7. Research questions ................................................................................................................ 12 1.8. Objectives of the study .......................................................................................................... 13 1.9. Significance of the study ....................................................................................................... 13 1.10. Scope of the Study ............................................................................................................ 14 1.11. Limitation of the Study ..................................................................................................... 15 1.12. Structure of the research report ......................................................................................... 15 References ......................................................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER II: RELATED LITERATURE: AN OVERVIEW ............................................................. 19 2.1. Related literature: Open Source Software ............................................................................. 19 2.2. Related literature: Open Access ............................................................................................ 24 References ......................................................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS USED IN THE STUDY ........................... 32 3.1. The universe of this study ..................................................................................................... 32 3.2. The Methodology used in the study ...................................................................................... 33 3.3. Sources of Information.......................................................................................................... 33 3.4. Operational definitions .......................................................................................................... 35 3.5. Data collection: methods and techniques used...................................................................... 36 3.6. Period of data collection ....................................................................................................... 37 3.7. The steps towards Data analysis ........................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER IV: OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE MOVEMENT: AN ANALYSIS ............................... 40 4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 40 4.2. Genesis of Open Source Movement ...................................................................................... 41 4.2.1. Development of UNIX .................................................................................................. 41 4.2.2. BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution): First Open Source License ............................. 44 4.2.3. GNU and FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION ........................................................... 45 4.2.4. LINUX .......................................................................................................................... 49 4.2.5. Open Source Initiative .................................................................................................. 50 4.2.6. Success of Open Source Software Movement .............................................................. 55 4.3. Open Source Movement and Libraries ................................................................................. 56 4.3.1. Computer application in libraries .................................................................................. 56 4.3.2 Beginning of Open Source library systems ................................................................... 58 4.3.3 Advocacy of Daniel Chudnov to open source software in libraries .............................. 59 4.3.4 Dissenting voices to open source software in libraries ................................................. 61 4.3.5 Open source software as an essential aspect for the development of library services .. 62 4.3.6 OSS4Lib and Code4Lib ................................................................................................ 64 4.4. Open Source Software Projects for Libraries........................................................................ 65 4.4.1. Open Source Library Management Systems ................................................................. 66 4.4.1.1. Koha (Open Source ILS) ....................................................................................... 66 4.4.1.2. Avanti (Open Source ILS) .................................................................................... 68 4.4.1.3. Evergreen (Open Source ILS) ............................................................................... 68 4.4.1.4. NewGenLib (Open Source ILS)............................................................................ 70 4.4.1.5. Others (Open Source ILS) ..................................................................................... 70 4.4.2. Public Knowledge Project ............................................................................................. 72 4.4.3. Open Source Digital Library Software ......................................................................... 74 4.4.3.1. Greenstone (OSS Digital Library Software) ......................................................... 74 4.4.3.2. Dspace (OSS Digital Library Software) ............................................................... 74 4.4.3.3. Eprints (Open Source Digital Library Software) .................................................. 75 4.4.3.4. Others (OpenSource Digital Library Software) .................................................... 75 4.5. Findings and Interpretations.................................................................................................. 76 4.5.1. Major Findings .............................................................................................................. 76 4.5.2. Interpretations ............................................................................................................... 79 References ......................................................................................................................................... 82 CHAPTER V: OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR LIBRARIES ...................................................... 88 5.1. Open Source Library Management Software ........................................................................ 88 5.1.1. Koha .............................................................................................................................. 89 5.1.1.1. Technical Features ................................................................................................ 90 5.1.1.2. Koha Modules ....................................................................................................... 91 5.1.2. Evergreen .....................................................................................................................