Proc. lndian Acad. Sei. (Plant Sci.), Vol. 92, Number 5, October 1983,pp. 421-441 9 Printedin India. Structure, distribuflon and classitication of plant trtchomes in relation to taxonomy III. Papilionoideae P LEELAVATHI and N RAMAYYA Plant Anatomy and Taxonomy Laboratory, Dr of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India MS received 13 Apri11982; revised 1 June 1983 Abstm~ A detailed structure, organographie distribution, classification and taxonomic significaneeof trichomes in 42 species in the subfamilyPapilionoideae is presented. In aU, 28 t¡ types are recognised in the taxon, of which 9 ate newly described. The trichome types fit into four categories in accordance with the classificationby Ram ayya (1975). Based on the dist¡ of trichome eategories, the Papilionoideae sectas more related to the subfamily Mimosoideae than to the Caesalpinioideae. A key is provided'for the identifiea- tion of the species, based on the foliar trichomes. Keywo~h. Papilionoideae;trichomes; structure; distribution; elassification; taxonomy. 1~ Introduction The trichomes in Papiiionoideae were investigated asa part of anatomical studies (Debold 1892; Solereder 1908; Sabnis 1920); Metcalfe and Chalk 1950; Korsmo 1954; Lackey 1978), or they were specificaUy studied ~Baudet 1973; Shah and Kothari 1973, 1975; Kothari and Shah 1974; 1975; Chakraborthy 1975; Kannabiran 1975; Baudet and Marecha11976; Flores and Epinoza 1977; Gupta and Murthy 1977; Lackey 1981). However, information about their structure, organographic distri- bution, classification and taxonomic significante is rather scant; hence they have been made the subject-matter of investigation in the subfamily to supplement data for the family Leguminosae (Leelavathi and Ramayya 1982, 1983). The vegetative and floral organs are studied (table 1). 2. Material and methods Of the 42 species studied (ta,ble 1) 39 were locally collected, while Erythrina blakei Hort. ex. Parker, Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., Sophora glauca Lesch, and Zornia gibbosa Span. were obtained from outside Hyderabad. Young and rnature parts of the collected materials were fixed in Carynoy's fixative (Johansen 1940). To get an integrated picture of the trichome types and their organographic distribution, varied micropreparations viz.; epidermal peels, mounts of cleared whole organs or their portions, scrapings of trichomes and microtome sections were used. Epidermal peels were removed from all mature plant parts---leaflet,petiolule, stipel, petiole, stipule, stem, peduncle, pedicel, bract, bracteol, sepal, petal, androecium and gynoe- cium by scraping with a scalpel, wherever possible. In case of diŸ materials, peels were separated by following the "double-treatment rnethod" 421 Table 1. List of species investigated along with organographic distribution of vegetative trichomes. p,. I% o E E SI.No. Name of the species and Dichome types a b c d e { g h i j k 1 m n o p ( 1 ) A brus precatorius L. 1. Unicell. conical -- * * ....... LM w m 2. Uniser. fili. clavate -- * * + - + + .... m 3. Uniser. macro, conical B * * + LM + + + LM LM BM w -- + 12) Aeschynomene indica L. 1. Multiser. napiform M * * 4- M + * 4- M M M M - - - + (3). Alysicarpus hamosus Edgew. 1. Uniser. fili, eapitatr L * * ...... * - + 2. Uniser. fili. clavate L * * + BM + + - M * LM + 3. Uniser. fili. eylindrie-clavate - * * - - - + - - * LM m 4, Uniser, fili, obpyriform - * * - - - + + - * B - 4- 5, Uniser. fili. uncinate BM * * + M + + + BM * M - 4- 6. Uniser. macro, conical BM * * + M + - - M * LM - 4- 7. Uniser. macro, uncinate BM * * - - + - - * - - 4- (4). Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. 1. Uniser. fili. capitatr B * * ........ 2, Uniser. fili. clavatr M * * + LM + § - M - BM - 4- J 3, Unisr fili, obpyriform L * * - - - + + L - BM - 4- w 4. Uniser. fili. uncinate Bl~l * * + M + 4- + BM LM BM - 4- SINo. Name of the species and Dichome types a b c d r { g h i j k I m n o p S. Uniser. macro, conical LM " * + M + + - UM - LM .... + 6. Uniser. macro, uncinate L * * - - - + + ....... + (5). Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. "S 1. Uniser. fili. capitate 2. Uniser. fili. clavate M * * - BM - + - L , B .... + 3. Uniser. fili. obpyriform BM | * - - - - + LM * BM .... + 4. Uniser. fili. uncinate L * * + BM + - - LM * BM .... + 5. Uniser. macro, conical M * * - M - + - M * LM .... + 6. Unisr macro, uncinate + + LM * BM .... + (6). Arachis hypogaea L. 1~ Uniser. fili. conical BM + * + LM + + LM LM LM ..... 8" 2. Uniser. macro, conical BM + * + M + + LM LM LM ..... 3. Multiser. conical 4. Multiser. vcntricose - L L L ..... (7). Atylosia scarabaeoides (L). Benth. 1. Uniser. fili. capitate B * * + -- + + + LM * BM .... + 2. Uniser. fili. obpyriform B * * - L - 3. Uniser. fili. vesicular clavate BM * * + L + + + Lh * s .... + 4. Uniser. macro, conical BM * * + LM + + + LM * BM .... + (8). Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. 1. Uniser. fili. clavate L * * + LM + + + LM * BM .... + 2. Uniser. macro, conical BM * * + LM + + + LM * BM .... + c) {9). Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. 1. Uniser. fili. clavate B * * + LM + + + M * BM .... + 2. Uniser. fili. obpyriform BM * * - M - - + UM * M .... + 3. Uniser. fili. vesicular clavate B * * + LM + + + LM * BM .... + 4. Uniser. macro, conical BM * * + LM + + + BM * BM .... + (10). Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. 1. Uniceli. conical - - M M BM .... q- 2. Uniser. fili. clavate BM - BM + BM + 4 = 4- - - BM L - - - 4- 4~ 3. Uniser. fili. cylindric-clavate (,~ continued 4~ SINo, Name of the species and Dichome types a b c d e f g h i j k I m n o p to 4. Uniser. fili. uncinate -- + LM - BM - + + M M LM ..... 5. Uniser. macro, prickle BM + LM + LM + + + LM LM BM L .... (!1). Cicer arietinum L. 1. Unicell, Cylindrical 2. Uniser. fili. ovalis-ca~itate BM * * + BM + * + BM * BM L - - - + g" 3. Uniser. fili, cylindrical h" 4. Uniser. fil[. cylindric.clavate - * * - - * - - * - - M - - - 5. Uniser. macro, conical BM * * + BM + * + BM * BM .... + (12). Clitoria ternatea L. ~~ 1. Uniser. fili. capitatr BM + BM + M + * + LM LM ...... r191 2. Uniser. fili. clavatr BM + M + BM + * + BM LM LM BM - - - + 3. Uniser. fili. uncinate BM + BM + BM + * + BM BM BM BM M M - + 4. Uniser. macro, conical BM + LM + LM + * + LM LM LM M - - + + (13). Crotalaria biflora L. 1. Unisr macro, conical BM * * + BM + * + LM * LM L .... (14). Crotalaria lab~urnifolia L. 1. Uniser. macro, conical LM * * + * + + + LM LM ...... (15). Crotalaria pusilla L. 1. Uniser, macro, conical BM * * , * + * + LM ~' LM .... * (16). Crotalaria ramosizsima Roxb. * , * + * + 1. Uniser. macro, conical BM * L * ..... + (17). Crotalaria verrucosa L. 1. Uniser. macro, conical BM * * + BM + + + LM LM BM U - M - + (18). Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. 1. Uniser. macro, conical BM + * + BM + + + LM LM LM .... + 2. Multiser, ovate O -- U ~ -- -- M M ...... (19). Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. 1. Uniser. fili. elavate L + * + BM + + + LM LM ...... 2. Urdser. macro, conical BM + * + LM + + + LM LM LM M M M - + 3. Uiser. macro, cylindric-clavate -- i , _ _ _ + + SINo. Name of (he species and Dichome types a b c d r f g h i j k ! m n o p (20). Desmodium triflorum (L.)DC. 1. Uniscr. fili. capitatr L * * - - - * - - * L - - 2. Uniser. fi[i. clavatc M * ~ + BM + * + LM * LM - - 3. Uniser. fili. cylindric.clavatr M * * - M - * - LM * - - - 4. Uniscr. fili. obpyriform 5. Uniscr. fili. uncinatr L * * + B + * + LM * LM - - o 6. Uniscr. macro, conical LM * * + M + * + LM * LM - - 7. Uniser. macro, uncinat• (21). Dolichus lablab L. I. Uniscr. fili. ciar,te B + B + L + + + L L BM - 2. Uniser. macro, conical BM + BM + LM + + - LM LM BM - 3. Uniscr. macro, prickle - + - + - + .... L 8" o (22). Erythrina blakei Hort. Ex. Parkcr t. Uniser. fili. clavatr BM t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t 2. Unisr macro, str162 BM, t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t (23). Erythrina orientalis (L.) Murr. 1. Uniser. fili. ciar,te BM + BM + BM + § + LM LM BM - - 2. Uniser. macro, stellatr BM + U + BM + + + LM LM LM - - (24). Erythrina suberosa Roxb. i. Uniser. fili. clavate BM + BM + BM + + + LM LM BM .... + 2. Uniscr. macro, stcllatr BM + B + BM + + + LM LM LM .... + (25). tteylandia latebrosa DC. Uniscr. macro, conical BM * * * * + * + LM * LM .... + o (26). Medicago sativa L. 1. Uniser. fili. ciar,te LM + # + LM + + + - * BM - - _ _ + 2. Unisr fili. r237 - - * ...... " BM - - 3. Unis•r. fili. cylindric.clavatr - - ) ...... ) BM - - 4. Uniscr. inacro, conical L + * + LM + + + - * BM - - (27). Meliiotus alba Dcsr. 1. Uniser. fili. clavatr LM + * + BM + + + LM * LM ..... 2. Uniser. fili. cylindric-clavatr - - ~ ...... * BM ..... (3n continued SINo. Namr of the species and Dichome Ÿ a b c d r ( g h i j k I m n o p "~' 3. Uniser. macro, conical BM + + BM + + + LM, * BM ..... (28). Melilotus indica AII. 1. Uniser. fili. clavate LM + * + BM + + + M * M ..... 2. Uniser. macro, conieal LM + * + LM + + + LM * BM ..... (29). Mucunapruriens (L). DC. 1. Unisr fili. clavatr - - ~ + M + + + LM LM LM - - - - + 2. Unisr fili. cylindric<lavate - - * + - + + + LM LM BM BM - - - + 3. Unisr macro, conical B + o + M + + + LM BM BM - BM - - + ~" (30). Phaseolusaconitifolius Jacq. I. Unisr fili. c[avate B s BM + BM + + - LM LM UM .... + 2. Uniser, fili. cylindric-clavatr - _ - M - - - LM LM UM, ..... 3. Unisr macro, conical BM * M + LM + + - LM LM M .... + (31). Phaseolustriiobus Ait. s:~ 1. Uniser. fili. clavate BM + L + B + + - BM BM U .... + '~ 2. Uniser. macro, conical BM + - + LM + + - M LM U ..... + (32). Pongamiapinnata (L.) Pir 1. Uniser, fili. clavate BM + * - M + + + L * LM .... + 2. Unisr macro, conical BM + | + BM + + + BM * LM B BM BM + + (33). Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. 1. Unicell. conical U t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t 2. Uniscr. macro, conical BM t t t t t t t t t t ~ t t t t (34). Pterocarpus santalin¨ L. 1. Uniser. macro, conical BM t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t (35). Rhynchosia aurea DC. 1. Unis•r. fili. capitatr B - ~ + LM + - - LM * B .... + 2. Uniser. fili. obpyriform - - | + - + - - - * LM .... + 3. Uniser. fili. vesicular clavatr B + + M + + + L * L .... + 4. Uniser. macro, conical BM + * + LM + + + LM * BM - - - - + (36). Rhyachosia mŸ Benth, 1.