Varia 496· Concerted Action on Forecasting, Prevention and Reduction of Landslide and Avalanche Risks (CALAR) ContractNo. ENV4-CT97-0551 Final Report EDITED BY: Bo BERGGREN & CHRISTINA BERGLUND June 28, 2000 Statens geotekniska institut Swedish Geotechnical Institute Swedish Geotechnical Institute Statens geotekniska institut SE-581 93 Linkoping, Sweden Tel: 013-20 18 00 /Int: +46 13 20 18 00 Fax: 013-20 19 14 /Int: +46 13 20 19 14 E-post/E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.sgi.geotek.se ISSN 1100-6692 Concerted Action on Forecasting, Prevention and Reduction of Landslide and Avalanche Risks (CALAR) ContractNo. ENV4-CT97-0551 Final Report EDITEDBY: Bo BERGGREN & CHRISTINA BERGLUND June 28, 2000 CALAR EUROPEAN COMMISSION DGXII Environment and Climate Programme CONCERTED ACTION ON FORECASTING, PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF LANDSLIDE AND AV ALAN CHE RISKS (CALAR) Contract No ENV4-CT97-0551 Final Report Edited by: Bo Berggren & Christina Berglund June 28, 2000 C.\LAR Final Report THE CALAR STEERING GROUP The activities of the project as well as the work with this report were planned and co-ordinated by a Steering Group, consisting of the following members: • Bjorn Sellberg, Ph.D., Chairn1an Swedish Council for Building Research II Bo Berggren, Ph.D. AB Jacobson & Widmark • Christina Berglund, M.Sc Swedish Geotechnical Insitute • K. Rainer Massarsch, Dr.Teckn . GEO Engineering AB • Horst Schaffhauser, Dr. phi!. Institut fi.ir Lawinen- und Wildbachforschung an der Forstlichen Bundesversuchsanstalt II Erich Schwab, Dr. Tekn. Osterreichisches Forschungs- und Prlif-zentrum Arsenal Ges.m.b.H. • Claudio Scavia, Associate Professor Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale • John Hutchinson, Professor Emeritus, Ph.D, D.Sc (Eng.) Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 2(41) C4.LAR Final Report FOREWORD CALAR was a Concerted Action Project on Forecasting, Prevention and Reduction of Landslide and Avalanche Risks. supported by the European Commission, DG XII. The main objective was to compile current knowledge and practice regarding Risk assessment and Warning Systems related to landslide and avalanche problems and convey this technical know-how to end-users, e.g. administrators in national and local authorities, insurance companies, engmeers, rescue services, tourist industry, power generation and distribution companies, etc. The Concerted Action was initiated by the recommendation of the EC, DG XII, with the Swedish Geotechnical Institute, SGI, as the co-ordinator. CALAR was assigned a grant from the Environment and Climate Programme of the European Commission (EC), Theme 2, Environmental Technologies, Technologies to Forecast, Prevent and Reduce Natural Risks, Hydrological and Hydrogeological Risks. In addition, some financial support were provided by the Swedish Rail Road Adminish·ation, Swedish Rescue Service, Swedish Environmental Board and the Swedish Council for Building Research and numerous organisations in the participating countries. The following organisations were partners of CALAR: • Swedish Geotechnical Institute, SE-581 93 Linkoping, Sweden (Co-ordinator) • Osterreichisches Forschungs- und Pruf-zentrum Arsenal Ges.m.b.H., Division Geotechnical Engineering, P.O. Box 8, AT-1031 Wien, Austria • Institut fur Lawinen- und Wildbachforschung an der Forstlichen Bundesversuchsanstalt, Rennweg 1, AT-6020 Innsbruck, Austria • Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, IT- 10129 Torino, Italy • Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom The activities of the project were planned and co-ordinated by a Steering Group consisting of the following Members: • Bjorn Sellberg, Ph.D., Chairman • Bo Berggren, Ph.D. • Christina Berglund, M.Sc. • K. Rainer Massarsch, Dr.Teckn. • Horst Schaffhauser, Dr. phil. • Erich Schwab, Dr. Tekn. • Hubert Siegel, Dipl.Ing. • Claudio Scavia, Associate Professor • John Hutchinson, Professor Emeritus, Ph.D, D.Sc (Eng.) The project activities were administrated by a secretariat consisting of the following members: CALAR Project Manager: Jan Fallsvik, M.Sc. to October 1998, thereafter Bo Berggren, Ph.D. CALAR Project Secretary: Kenneth Ahlvik to September 1999, thereafter Christina Berglund, M.Sc. 3(41) CALAR Final Report All partners and persons involved in the project and participating in the Innsbruck Expert Meeting and the Vienna Conference contributed to the result of the project. CALAR staiied in March 1998 and ended in June 2000. Bo Berggren Project Manager 4(41) CALAR Final Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was initiated by Mr Riccardo Casale Dr K. Rainer Massarsch Mr Bengt Rydell Dr Bjorn Sellberg During the course of the project representatives from the partners have contributed with large enthusiasm to accomplish the build-up of a network and to let people come together for exchange of ideas. The project has been strongly supported and funded by EC, the Environment and Climate Programme DG12, and other national organisations, as well as by the partners and, in addition, by the Swedish Railway Administration, the Swedish Rescue Service, the Swedish Environmental Board and the Swedish Council for building Research. The guidance from the Secretariat of DG XII, Environment and Climate Programme, Climatology and Natural Hazards, especially from Dr Riccardo Casale, Mr Denis Peter and Ms Maria Yeroyanni 1s gratefully acknowledged. Bo Berggren Project Manager 5( 41) CALAR Final Report Table of contents FOREWORD ...............................................................................................................3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................5 READER'S GUIDE TO THIS REPORT ......................................................................8 THE VIENNA DECLARATION - LIVING WITH NATURAL HAZARDS ..................... 9 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................... 11 1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Project Activities ............................................................................................................................................ 11 1.3 Relations between landslides and avalanches ..............................................................................................11 1.4 Main Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 14 2. THE CALAR PROJECT ........................................................................................15 2.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Objectives and goals ...................................................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Organisation ................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Activities and Scope of Work........................................................................................................................17 2.5 Performance of the Project ...........................................................................................................................17 2.6. l\1eetings .........................................................................................................................................................19 2.6.1 Innsbruck Expert Meeting, March 1999 ................................................................................................... 19 2.6.2 Vienna Conference, Living with Natural Hazards, January 2000 ............................................................ 19 3. STATE OF PRACTICE - REGIONAL REPORTS ................................................ 21 3.1 Short description of the Regional Reports ...................................................................................................21 3.2 Summary report on State of practice - Landslides .....................................................................................21 3.2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 21 3.2.2 Landslide hazards and consequences ........................................................................................................ 22 3.2.3 Methodologies for landslide hazard assessment .......................................................................................23 3.2.4 Risk assessment ........................................................................................................................................ 23 3.2.5 Monitoring systems .................................................................................................................................. 24 3.2.6 Warning systems ...................................................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Summary report on State of practice - Avalanches ....................................................................................25