HISTORY OF SOY IN THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG (1647-2015) 1 HISTORY OF SOYBEANS AND SOYFOODS IN THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG (1647-2015): EXTENSIVELY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCEBOOK Compiled by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi 2015 Copyright © 2015 by Soyinfo Center HISTORY OF SOY IN THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG (1647-2015) 2 Copyright (c) 2015 by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems - except for use in reviews, without written permission from the publisher. Published by: Soyinfo Center P.O. Box 234 Lafayette, CA 94549-0234 USA Phone: 925-283-2991 Fax: 925-283-9091 www.soyinfocenter.com ISBN 9781928914792 (Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg without hyphens) ISBN 978-1-928914-79-2 (Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg with hyphens) Printed 12 Aug. 2015 Price: Available on the Web free of charge Search engine keywords: History of soybeans in Netherlands History of Alpro NV History of soybeans in The Netherlands History of the Dutch East India Co. (VOC) History of soybeans in Holland History of Manna Natuurvoeding B.V. History of soybeans in Belgium History of Vandemoortele NV History of soybeans in Luxembourg Bibliography of soybeans in Netherlands Bibliography of soybeans in The Netherlands Bibliography of soybeans in Holland Bibliography of soybeans in Belgium Bibliography of soybeans in Luxembourg Chronology of soybeans in Netherlands Chronology of soybeans in The Netherlands Chronology of soybeans in Holland Chronology of soybeans in Belgium Chronology of soybeans in Luxembourg Timeline of soybeans in Netherlands Timeline of soybeans in The Netherlands Timeline of soybeans in Holland Timeline of soybeans in Belgium Timeline of soybeans in Luxembourg Copyright © 2015 by Soyinfo Center HISTORY OF SOY IN THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG (1647-2015) 3 Contents Page Dedication and Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction and Brief Chronology, by William Shurtleff .......................................................................................... 5 About This Book ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Abbreviations Used in This Book .................................................................................................................................. 9 How to Make the Best Use of This Digital Book - Search It! .................................................................................... 10 Full-Page Graphics ................................................................................................................................................ 12-16 History of Soy in The Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg: 2283 References in Chronological Order ........ 17 Contains 168 Photographs and Illustrations Subject/Geographical Index by Record Numbers ................................................................................................... 898 Last Page of Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 981 Copyright © 2015 by Soyinfo Center HISTORY OF SOY IN THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG (1647-2015) 4 DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Japanese translation and maps: Akiko Aoyagi Shurtleff. This book is dedicated to the soyfoods pioneers in The Loma Linda University, Del E. Webb Memorial Library Netherlands and Belgium. (Seventh-day Adventist): Janice Little, Trish Chapman. We would also like to thank our co-workers and friends at Soyinfo Center who, since 1984, have played a major role in Part of the enjoyment of writing a book lies in meeting collecting the documents, building the library, and producing people from around the world who share a common interest, the SoyaScan database from which this book is printed: and in learning from them what is often the knowledge or skills acquired during a lifetime of devoted research or Irene Yen, Tony Jenkins, Sarah Chang, Laurie Wilmore, practice. We wish to give deepest thanks... Alice Whealey, Simon Beaven, Elinor McCoy, Patricia McKelvey, Claire Wickens, Ron Perry, Walter Lin, Dana Scott, Jeremy Longinotti, John Edelen, Alex Lerman, Lydia Of the many libraries and librarians who have been of great Lam, Gretchen Muller, Joyce Mao, Luna Oxenberg, Joelle help to our research over the years, several stand out: Bouchard, Justine Lam, Joey Shurtleff, Justin Hildebrandt, Michelle Chun, Olga Kochan, Loren Clive, Marina Li, University of California at Berkeley: John Creaser, Lois Rowyn McDonald, Casey Brodsky, Hannah Woodman, Farrell, Norma Kobzina, Ingrid Radkey. Elizabeth Hawkins, Molly Howland, Jacqueline Tao, Lynn Hsu, Brooke Vittimberga, Tanya Kochan. Northern Regional Library Facility (NRLF), Richmond, California: Martha Lucero, Jutta Wiemhoff, Scott Miller, Special thanks to Tom and Linda Wolfe of Berwyn Park, Virginia Moon, Kay Loughman. Maryland. And to Lorenz K. Schaller of Ojai, California. Stanford University: Molly Molloy, who has been of special For outstanding help on this book about The Netherlands, help on Slavic-language documents. Belgium and Luxembourg we thank: Sjon Welters and Philippe Vandemoortele. Jim Becker, Jr. & Sr., Steve National Agricultural Library: Susan Chapman, Kay Derr, Buchheim, Mark Calebert, Danilo Callewaert, Daniel Carol Ditzler, John Forbes, Winnifred Gelenter, Henry Chajuss, Sidney J. Cole, Chr. Daems, Don DeBona, Bernd Gilbert, Kim Hicks, Ellen Knollman, Patricia Krug, Drosihn, Eric Fehblerg, Bruno Fischer, Pierre Gevaert, Sarah Lee, Veronica Lefebvre, Julie Mangin, Ellen Mann, Peter Golbitz, H.T. Huang, Ted Hymowitz, Dana Jacobi, Josephine McDowell, Wayne Olson, Mike Thompson, Thomas Karas, Aveline Kushi, Takuji “Tak” Kimura, Ko Tanner Wray. Swan Djien, Craig Landy, Richard Leviton, Boudewijnn Lindner, Michael Makowski, Anthony Marrese, Mark J. Library of Congress: Ronald Jackson, Ronald Roache. Messina, Masa Miyashita, Tomas Nelissen, Ted Nordquist, Ludo Peeters, Noboru, Sakaguchi, Leonard Schutte, Francois Lane Medical Library at Stanford University. de Selliers, Pauline Six-Chan, James Skiff, Roger Stevens, Irene Stuttman, Torben Svejgard, Aiko Tanaka, Seth Tibbott, Contra Costa County Central Library and Lafayette Library: Ike Van Gessel, Jan van de Marel, Casey Van Rysdam, Dan Carole Barksdale, Kristen Wick, Barbara Furgason, Sherry Van Steenhuyse, Magda Versaille, Linda Weigel, Marianne Cartmill, Linda Barbero. Westra, Yap Bwee Hwa Flora, Ronald Yates. Harvard University’s Five Botanical Libraries (especially Finally our deepest thanks to Tony Cooper of San Ramon, Arnold Arboretum Library): Jill Gelmers Thomas. California, who has kept our computers up and running since Sept. 1983. Without Tony, this series of books on the Web French translation: Martine Liguori of Lafayette, California, would not have been possible. for ongoing, generous, and outstanding help since the early 1980s. And Elise Kruidenier, Dutch translation: Sjon This book, no doubt and alas, has its share of errors. These, Welters. German translation Philip Isenberg, of course, are solely the responsibility of William Shurtleff. Copyright © 2015 by Soyinfo Center HISTORY OF SOY IN THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG (1647-2015) 5 INTRODUCTION Brief chronology/timeline of soy in the Netherlands, 1679 – John Locke, the famous philosopher, fi rst mentions Belgium and Luxembourg soy sauce in English in his journal. This shoyu (the Japanese word for soy sauce) was probably exported from Deshima, in These three nations are often grouped together as the Nagasaki harbor, by Dutch merchants. The context suggests Benelux countries – after their economic union established that shoyu was widely available in London in 1679. in 1944. The Netherlands and Belgium are sometimes grouped together as the “low countries” because of their low 1712 – Englebert Kaempfer, a German who lived in Japan elevation above (or below) sea level. during 1691 and 1692 as a physician for the Dutch East India Company at Deshima (a man-made island in Nagasaki During the 1600s the Dutch Republic rose to naval and harbor), is the fi rst European to give detailed descriptions of economic prominence in Europe. Starting in 1641, the Dutch how miso and shoyu are made from soybeans in Japan – in were the only Europeans allowed to trade with Japan; the his landmark Latin-language book Amoenitatum Exoticarum Dutch merchants convinced the Japanese that they were Politico-Physico-Medicarum [Exotic Novelties, Political, interested only in trade, not in making religious converts. Physical, Medical, Vol. 5, p. 834-35]. He is also the fi rst For centuries this special relationship worked very well to Westerner who mentions koji (which he calls koos), but he mutual advantage, and it is still prized by both Japan and the does not understand what it is, how it functions, or how it is Netherlands. made. A very different type of relationship arose between the Dutch East Indies (today’s Indonesia) and the Netherlands, 1724 June 2 – A small ad in ‘s Gravenhaegsd Courant (The which was a colonial master from the early 1600s until Hague) shows that soy sauce is now in The Netherlands. about