4th International Conference on Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering (MMME 2016) The procession of constructed wetland removal mechanism of pollutants Ruqiong Qin, Hong Chen Guangxi Polytechnic of Construction, Nanning 530003, China ABSTRACT: Constructed wetland ecosystem is a complex project, and the removal mechanism is complicated. This article is mainly summary the degradation mechanism of pollutants from the main processing and removal method of wetland functions. Constructed wetland treatment effects on plant species, substrate, microorgan- isms, climate and other factors. KEYWORD: Constructed wetlands; removal mechanism; influencing factors 1 INTRODUCTION flow in a certain direction, the constructed wetland is If sewage collection and treatment improperly, the ru- primarily use of soil, the artificial medium, plants, ral ecological environment and living environment and physics, chemistry, biology of microorganisms will be damaged, then resulting in the pollution of triple synergy to treatment sewage, sludge. The mech- surface water and shallow groundwater. China is vig- anism of constructed wetland is adsorption, retention, orously promoting the construction of new rural, filtration, oxidation-reduction, precipitation, micro- however, the rural economic is under development bial decomposition, transformation, plant shelter, res- for a long-term, and the cultural quality of the resi- idue accumulation, water and nutrient uptake and dents is not high, moreover, capital, technology and transpiration the effect of various types of animals. talents are inadequate, sewage treatment technology How about the removal of wetland? We will ex- becomes more passive. For the sewage treatment planted the constructed wetland removal of organic characteristics of the rural point of view, it should be matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, microor- fully taken into account in financial, personnel, ganisms and other substances in detailed. maintenance and other factors of rural, as far as pos- sible to meet the sewage treatment function. There- fore, wetland sewage treatment technology becomes 2 REMOVAL MECHANISMS more suitable, it can effectively reduce the pollution which caused by sewage in rural areas, and improve 2.1 Removal of organics the living environment. Constructed wetland have a strong ability to purify Dr. Seidel Germany (Wilson, B) was the wetland the organic matter(Yu shuili, 2011), the soil have a earliest discoverer, he found that the reed can removal huge surface area, the surface of the soil particles can inorganic and organic in 1953.And the laboratory be- form a layer of biofilm, when sewage flows through gan to conduct experiment that studied the reed fea- the surface of the particles, a large amount of SS is tures in large-scale later, the study of constructed wet- blocking interception by the filler and plant roots, the lands also entered the climax at the same time. Dr. insoluble organic matter also to be retained soon Seidel and Dr. Kickuth co-sponsored the root zone through wetland matrix sedimentation, filtration, ad- theory in 1972, and the constructed wetlands have be- sorption, then the tiny creatures will use the organic gun to enter the application stage in 1980s, some matter, the dissolved organic matter was removed by countries began to establish reed bed system to treat- adsorption of plant roots biofilm, absorption and me- ment sewage. Nowadays, The United States has more tabolism of microorganisms. In the aerobic zone, the than 600 constructed wetlands to treatment the indus- organic matter is decomposed into carbon dioxide and trial, agricultural and municipal wastewater. water by aerobic bacteria; in the anaerobic zone, or- Constructed wetland is similar to the marshes, it is ganic matter is decomposed into carbon dioxide and builted and controlled by artificial operation in the methane by anaerobic bacteria with fermentation. ground, and the sewage and sludge dosing to the con- Most organic matter in sewage is eventually con- structed wetlands with controlled, sewage and sludge verted to microorganisms, carbon dioxide, methane © 2016. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 568 and water, and inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phos- Firstly, the inorganic phosphorus is synthesized ATP, phorus by the heterotrophic microorganisms. DNA and RNAetc.by uptake and assimilation of Constructed wetlands have a higher rate of re- plants, and removed from the system through the moval to COD, BOD, the removal rate of most of the plants harvested. Secondly, phosphorus is necessary processing system can achieve 90%. Domestic (WEN to microbial, phosphorus bacteriaconvertedpoorly yue, 2007) research on constructed wetlands to purify soluble organic phosphorus and phosphorus to dis- municipal sewage showed that at low water concen- solved inorganic phosphorus which is conducive to tration, the constructed wetlands to removal BOD5 absorption by plants. Finally, phosphorusis removed are up to 95%, and to removal COD are up to 80%,the by adsorption of mediaor ion exchange, the iron, alu- concentration of BOD5 in the effluent is about 10mg minum, calcium compounds will affect the adsorption /L, SS is less than 20mg/L. Removal of COD and capacity of the media, and PAOs excess polyphos- BOD5 of have significant correlation with various phate phosphorus also has a certain roleto removal numbers of microorganisms, and indicating that re- phosphorus. Since the constructed wetland have a moval of organic matter is mainly the action of mi- special aerobic and anaerobic conditions, PAOs can croorganisms. be adsorbed an excess of phosphorus in the aerobic state, and released excess phosphorus in anaerobic conditions, some of phosphorus will spread with the 2.2 Removal of nitrogen water transport, other will adsorption by the medium, Many studies have shown that: the nitrogen in con- because of the release of phosphorus, adsorption by structed wetland was removed mainly by nitrification media in favor of phosphorus in the local where con- and denitrification of microorganisms, absorption of centration of phosphorus is higher. plants, ammonia volatilization and adsorption and fil- The most important wayto remove phosphorus is tering of matrix (LU shao yong, 2006). Nitrogen is adsorption and precipitation of matrix in constructed mainly forms with organic nitrogen and inorganic ni- wetland system, there is less effect for plant adsorp- trogen in the waste water, inorganic nitrogen can be tion of organic phosphorus, but the absorption of absorbed by plants, and synthesis plant protein, fi- plant is given priority to remove inorganic phospho- nally removed through harvested the plantsin con- rus, which maybe related to the large plants, like reed structed wetland system, but only the total nitrogen plants, need for inorganic phosphorus with a long- content of about 8% -16%inorganic nitrogen. Organic term growth. Li ect.( LI jianbo, 2008) considered that: nitrogen which in constructed wetland system is more the adsorption by plants is a major way when at a low easily converted to NO3-N under the action of micro- concentration of phosphorus, and the absorption by organisms, and it will also easily lead to eutrophica- plants appear to be negligible when at a higher con- tion of surface water, so it is an important indicator of centrations, however, the adsorption of medium is pollution that need to removal. Lietc. found that the limited, that is the absorption effect will be reduced urease activity and the removal of N has a signifi- after reaching saturation. cantly positive correlation in the constructed wet land soil, he considered that the urease activity in the root zone can be an evaluation indicator that the removal 2.4 Removal of heavy metal of nitrogen of pollutants in constructed wetland. In the constructed wetland system, heavy metal is The removal rate of N is about 50% in constructed mainly removal by chemical precipitation, ion ex- wetlands, that is the removal rate is not very high. change and absorption by plants etc.. Some research- Some studies(ZHOU chenghua, 2008) found that the ers believed that the removal rateof zinc can reach removal rate of N can be greatly improved from 30% 96% and the removal of iron, chromium and magne- to 90%by added straw and methanol to improve the sium is also high when the residence time is 22-34h BOD: NO3-N ratio, the reason is that not conducive in the surface flow wetland. A study which treatment- to denitrification proceeds when BOD: NO3 -N ratio edmining waste with planting cattails in constructed is too low, the denitrification rate will reached a max- wetlands show that cattail purify the industrial imum when the ratio rose to 2.3. Baker’s (Baker BH, wastewater contain lead, zinc is very good, the re- 2016) study shown that the removal rate of NO3- moval rate of COD, SS, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd is 92.19%, Ncan directly used C: N ratio when waste water con- 99.62%, 93.98%, 97.02%, 96.87% and 96.39%, re- taining low carbon and helium high nitrate, the speed spectively, and water quality significantly improved, of denitrification is maximum when C: N> 5: 1. the main pollutant, like TSS, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd all reached the industry standard. By studying the cattail wetland system, it shown that the heavy metalis 2.3 Removal of phosphorus mainly accumulation and enrichment in the under- Numerous studies shown that the phosphorus in con- ground part, hence, through harvesting to remove the structed wetlands is removed mainly by absorption of heavy metal. plants, accumulation of microorganisms, absorption and precipitation of matrix (LU shao yong, 2006). 569 Some researchers believed that the removal of WEN yue, ZHOU qi, JIANG lingyan. P Degradation character- heavy metals is adsorption by plants in the con- istics of organic substances in polluted surface waters treat- structed wetland. There is only 1%-2%heavy metals ment with horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. which plants absorption take up the system into con- Chian Environmental Science. (2007) no.4, 508–512. Yu shuili, XIU chunhai, Yang yuejie. Study on removal effect tents of heavy metals.