NEWSLETTER OF THE NATIONAL ICE CORE LABORATORY — SCIENCE MANAGEMENT OFFICE Vol. 5 Issue 2 • FALL 2010 Ice Core Paleoclimate Records from Subglacial Combatant Col, British Columbia Antarctic .By.Peter.Neff,.University.of.Washington Environments: The Other Deep Biosphere ... page.3 On the Line - Researchers spend summer in deep-freeze to slice and dice WAIS Divide ice core ... page.6 WAIS Divide Ice Setting up the drill tower with Mt. Waddington in the background. Photo: Doug Clark, Western Washington University. Core Update IN JULY OF 2010, a team led by Peter Neff and Eric Steig from the University of Washington and ... 0 . page.1 Doug Clark from Western Washington University spent 26 days retrieving ice cores at Combatant Col, near Mt. Waddington, British Columbia, Canada (51.39°N, 125.22°W). Mt. Waddington, at 4019 meters (13,186 feet), is the highest massif entirely within British Columbia and is one of very few sites in North America which has demonstrated potential for obtaining an ice core paleoclimate record so far south of 60° North latitude. The goal of this project is to develop a record of annual snow accumulation for the last 200-500 years. Such a record may provide insight Messa ge from t he into how climate in the North Pacific region has varied in the past, extending understanding Director ............................2 beyond that gained from short instrumental records in the region. Upcoming Meetings ...........3. Beth Bergeron (Ice Drilling Design and Operations) led the operation of 4-inch electromechanical and 3-inch thermal drills, reaching a maximum depth of approximately 140 meters at the initial Ice Core Working Group borehole before difficulties, resulting from glacial meltwater filling the borehole, halted drilling. A second borehole reached 90 meters depth. GPS surveys conducted in previous years and a Members ...........................4 high-resolution ground penetrating radar grid surveyed in late May 2010 indicate an ice depth of 250 to 300 meters. In addition to these new cores, work completed in 2006 yielded 65 meters of Recently Funded Projects..... .11 ice and demonstrated preservation of annual stratigraphy regardless of summer melt at Combatant Col (elevation 3000 meters, ~10,000 feet). — continued on page 2 Ice Core Paleoclimate Records from Combatant Col — continued from cover “The goal of the project is to develop a essential in the safe and efficient execution In-Depth is published semi-annually by the of the major field component of this project. National Ice Core Laboratory - Science record of annual snow accumulation Management Office (NICL-SMO). for the last 200-500 years. Such We are interested in project stories and Work developing this new ice core record news from the ice coring community. Please a record may provide insight into is ongoing, as detailed visual and chemical contact us if you are interested in submitting how climate in the North Pacific a story or news item to In-Depth. records must be produced to develop a region has varied in the past...” reliable annual chronology for the core. Lab In-Depth Newsletter Mark Twickler (MST), Director technicians at the Desert Research Institute Joe Souney (JMS), Production/Editing Despite drilling little more than halfway to will develop the geochemical record from [email protected] bedrock, the field season was very successful. the core, the National Ice Core Laboratory (603) 862-1991 The ice core collected is sufficiently long supports digital imaging work to identify http://nicl-smo.unh.edu enough to examine the relationship of summertime melt layers, and water isotopes University of New Hampshire snow accumulation at Combatant Col to Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and will be analyzed throughout the length of Space instrumental records of climate. The core field the core by students and technicians at the Durham, New Hampshire 03824 crew of five spent nearly one month on the University of Washington. Under the guidance Masthead photos courtesy of Lonnie ice, waiting out day-long windstorms, shaking of Erin Pettit, undergraduate students at the Thompson and Michael Morrison. off the loss of three larger communal tents, University of Alaska, Fairbanks are examining dodging at least one significant avalanche, meteorological, geophysical, and snowpit and enjoying the company of up to five other data with support from an NSF Research Message from the researchers at any one time during the season. Experience for Undergraduates grant. Director Constant radio contact was maintained with the King family of White Saddle Air, whose As of November 1, 2010, NSF n helicopter support and able assistance proved is providing 100% of the funds for the operation and maintenance of the National Ice Core Laboratory. The inter- agency agreement between NSF and the USGS, originally established in 1996, is still active although the USGS fiscal responsibilities have ceased. The USGS staff continues their responsibilities related to the operation and maintenance of NICL and plan to continue until the establishment of a new entity for NICL’s future management. In the near future, we expect NSF will release a call for proposals to establish a new management entity for A 2 meter section of ice from Combatant Col is removed from the 3-inch Thermal Drill. Photo: Doug Clark, Western this facility. NICL-SMO will Washington University. keep the community informed about NSF’s path forward on the new management entity for Collaborative Research: Ice Core Paleoclimate Records from Combatant Col, British Columbia, Canada the NICL. As always, NSF and the USGS are committed to NSF Award Number 0902240 NSF Award Number 0902734 the mission of NICL and plan Principal Investigator: Eric Steig, University of Principal Investigator: Joe McConnell, Desert to work towards a smooth and Washington Research Institute seamless transition. NSF Award Number 0902392 NSF Award Number 0903124 Principal Investigator: Doug Clark, Western Principal Investigator: Erin Pettit, University of -MST.n Washington University Alaska-Fairbanks In-Depth u FALL 2010 2 Subglacial Antarctic Environments: Upcoming Meetings The Other Deep Biosphere .By.Brent.Christner,.Department.of.Biological.Sciences,.Louisiana.State.University 13-17 December 2010 AGU.Fall.Science.Meeting,.San. EXPLORATIONS FOR LIFE in Earth’s deep terrestrial and oceanic subsurface have revealed Francisco,.CA www.agu.org/meetings/ an astonishing reality: most of the microbes on Earth exist deep within the planet’s crust. Based on the data available, it has been estimated that 3.8-6.0 x 1030 microbial cells exist in the oceanic and terrestrial subsurface combined, and the subsurface could harbor a pool of carbon biomass 3-4 March 2011 2011.Ice.Core.Working.Group.Meeting,. that is 60-100% of that estimated for all plants. To provide some context, the total pool of Denver,.CO microbes in the subsurface is approximately 20- and 50-times larger than the global inventory www.nicl-smo.unh.edu for the planet’s soil and aquatic habitats, respectively. A number of outstanding questions remain regarding the nature of life in the subsurface, its connection to photosynthetic activity on the surface, the major redox processes fueling biochemical activity, and the contribution of these 21-25 March 2011 systems to global carbon budgets (to name just a few). Several reports have provided evidence AGU.Chapman.Conference.on.Climates,. for the presence of chemosynthetic microorganisms (i.e., microbes which derive their reducing Past.Landscapes,.and.Civilizations,.Santa. Fe,.New.Mexico agents and carbon from inorganic sources) in samples from the deep hot terrestrial subsurface, www.agu.org/meetings/chapman/2010/ raising the possibility of ecosystems that operate independently of the photosynthetic world. ecall The ramifications of this new vision for life on Earth cannot be overstated and have provided the proper perspective to determine the extent of our biosphere and extrapolate the distribution 3-8 April 2011 of life in the Solar System and beyond. European.Geosciences.Union,.Vienna,. Austria Research on microbial life in the subsurface is still in its infancy, and to date, most efforts have http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2011/ focused on the study of thermophilic (heat loving) microorganisms that have been described and characterized in samples retrieved from a variety of high temperature subsurface biomes 5-10 June 2011 (e.g., oceanic crust, aquifers, and gold mines). In contrast, virtually nothing is known about the International.Symposium.on.Interactions. diversity of microorganisms and range of habitable environments that exist beneath the planet’s of.Ice.Sheets.and.Glaciers.with.the. expansive ice sheets (>1.5 x 107 km2). In the 1960’s, seismic data collected in the vicinity of Oceans,.La.Jolla,.CA Vostok Station and drilling at Byrd Station (Fig. 1) provided evidence that water is widespread www.igsoc.org/symposia/2011/ at the ice sheet bed. In addition, basal water was encountered during drilling at NGRIP in California/ June 28 - July 7 2011 Session.C02:.Ice.Cores.and.Climate.-. International.Union.of.Geodesy.and. Geophysics.(IUGG).General.Assembly,. Melbourne,.Australia www.iugg2011.com/program-iacs.asp 10-16 July 2011 11th.International.Symposium.on. Lake Ellsworth Vostok Station/ Antarctic.Earth.Sciences,.Edinburgh,. NGRIP Lake Vostok Scotland Byrd Station www.isaes2011.org.uk/ WISSARD Kamb Ice Stream 22-27 April 2012 Taylor Glacier IPY.2012.Conference.“From.Knowledge. to.Action”,.Montreal,.Quebec www.ipy2012montreal.ca/index.html Figure 1. Map of Greenland (inset at left) and Antarctica showing locations mentioned in the text. Figure: NICL- SMO. — continued on page 4 In-Depth u FALL 2010 3 Subglacial Antarctic Environments Ice Core Working Group — continued from page 3 Northern Greenland (Fig. 1), indicating that carbon as a reducing agent and carbon source) Karl Kreutz,.Chair liquid water also exists at certain locations have been directly isolated from these samples University of Maine at the bed of the Greenland ice sheet and and molecular analysis of DNA sequences wet-based conditions may be more prevalent extracted from the samples indicates that Murat Aydin University of California-Irvine than previously thought.