CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 SERIES - 12 MAHARASHTRA Field Investigation & Draft P.G.ABHYANKAR PART X-8 SURVEY REPORT ON TOWN PANVEL Editing R.N.PONGURLEKAR Guidance & Finalisation A. S. DANGE DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS MAHARASHTRA 1. All the maps included in this publication are based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India. 2. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. 3. @ Government of India Copyright, 1989 ii CONTENTS Pages FOREWORD v PREFACE vii CHAPTER I : Introduction 1-7 Location, Important characteristics of the town, Population, Topography and physical environment, Soil, Flora and fauna, Climate, Communication with other places, Rail, Post, telegraph and telephone exchange, Roads, Morphology, Land use pattern, Streets, Markets, Functional areas, Residential pattern with reference to ethnic groups, General outline of wards, Slums, Important public plans CHAPTER II : History of growth of the town 9-16 Modern history, Size of town, Population characteristics of the town, Growth rate, Density, Sex ratio and Religious composition, Composition by wards, Rules and regulations concerning land use and price, Inmigration and out-migration CHAPTER III : Amenities and Services - History of growth and the present position 17-38 Municipal Council - Panvel, The main activities of Panvel Municipal Council, Water supply, Conservancy, Power, Road lighting, Fire services, Play ground and parks, Transport and communications, Post and telegraphs, Telephone exchange, Panchayat samiti office, Tahsil office, Judiciary, Sub-divisional office, City survey office, Executive engineer of minor irrigation division, Sub-post office, Police station, Sub-treasury office, Educational Institutions and facilities, Medical facilities and medical institutions, Veterinary dispensary, Rest house, Boarding and lodging facilities, Eating houses CHAPTER IV : Economic life of the town 39-70 Source of data, Working force, Economy of the town, Classification of population as workers and non-workers, Working force in the sample households, Employment depth, Workers by religion and caste, Employment status, Non-workers by type of activity and age, Seeking employment, Place of work, Moqe of trans~ort and time taken to reach, Professional and private practitioners, Occupational diversity, Trade and commerce, Industry, Financial institutions in the town, Money lender, Land revenue/land tax, Markets, Fairs CHAPTER V : Ethnic and selected socio-demographic characteristics of the population ... 71-98 Scheduled caste, Scheduled tribe, Mother tongue, Houseless and institutional population, Disabled Population by type of disability, Distribution of population by age, Sex and marital status, Literacy and education, Religion and age at marriage, Age at marriage by educational level, Inter religion, lntercaste marriages and remarriages of the divorced and widowed persons, Age at marriage and present age, Education by religion, Non-enrollment in school and discontinuation of study CHAPTER VI : Migration and settlement of families 99-116 Migrants classified by place of birth, Place of birth of head of household, Migrants classified by place of last residence, Migrants classified by sex and broad age groups, Migrant households classified by place of last residence and duration of residence, Literacy and education and occupational classification of the migrants, Migrants by place of last residence and duration of stay in the town, Workers and non-workers classified by migration status on the basis of place of last residence, Migrant households by year of iii migratior., Number of members by migration status and place of birth of head of household, Households by longest stay of any member, Last residence as related to place of birth, Place of origin of the head of the household by Country/State/District to which he belongs, Households hailing from outside, Characteristics of the place of origin of migration and reason for migration, Characteristics of the places of successive migration, . Property at the place from where migrated, close relations at the place from where migrated, Unit of migration, Help received from various sources during migration, Problems faced during or after migration CHAPTER VII : Neighbourhood pa~tern 117-130 Localities selected, Image of neighbourhood, History of neighbourhood, Religious, cultural and social activities in the neighbourhood, Participation in religious and social activities outside the neighbourhood, Socio-economic life of the people, Purchase of commodities inside/outside the different neighbourhoods, Educational facility and its enjoyment in and outside the neighbourhood, Medical facility and its enjoyment in and outside the neighbourhood, Recreational facility and its enjoyment in and outside the neighbourhood CHAPTER VIII: Family life in the town 131-160 Nature of relation of members of head of households, Households by number of members, Type of households and its correlates, Composition by country, state, religion, caste and language, Members staying outside - Reason, nature of link with the households, Remittances CHAPTER IX : Housing and material culture 161-180 Houses in relation to adjoining houses, Position of houses of selected households with reference to floor capacity and problems faced by them, Houses by predominant materials of floor, wall, roof and ceiling etc., Number of rooms, Amenities, Tenural status, Furniture, Utensils, Fuel and light, Luxury and costly goods CHAPTER X : Slums, blighted and other areas with sub-standard living conditions 181-182 Basic necessities compared to other non-slums CHAPTER XI : Organisation of power and prestige 183-192 Political parties, Elections to the Municipal council, Assembly and Parliament CHAPTER XII : Leisure and recreation, Social participation, Social awareness, 193-212 religion and crime Parks and gardens, Play ground, Circus, Mahila mandai, Library, Cinema theatres, Newspapers and journals, Nature of leisure time activities of members, Religious institutions and religious activities, Knowledge and practice of family planning, Knowledge about Indian Social legislations, Crime. CHAPTER XIII: Linkages and continua 213-236 Sex ratio, Reli9ious composition. Transport and communication, Working force, Special Economic, social and cultural relation of Panvel town with other towns of the region, Travel index of the population, Particulars of places from/to where people commute for particulars of places outside the town, Demographic and other characteristics of the selected villages, Marketing, Transport and communication in the hinterland, Electricity and power CHAPTER XIV: Conclusion ... 237-239 iv FOREWORD Apart from the decennial enumeration of population, the Indian Census is steeped in the tradition of undertaking a variety ot stud:'3S of topical interest. I n fact, the publ ications brought out in connection with the earlier censuses contained veritable mines of information on racial, cultural, linguistic and a number of other aspects of life of the people of this country. With the advent of freedom, however, the scope and dimension of these special studies had to be restructured in a manner that would provide the basic feedbacks on the processes of development taking place in different spheres of life of the people especially undor planned developmenl. Thus, in connection with the 1961 Census, a massive programme was launched inter-alia to conduct socio-economic survey of about 500 villages selected from different parts ot the country. The main objective of this study was to know the way of life of the people living in Indian villages which accounted for 82 per cent of the total population as per the 1961 Census. There was, however, an imperative need to extend the area of the study to urban centres as well, to provide a complete coverage of the people living in diverse socio-economic conditions. It was with this objective in view ancillary studies on towns were launched as part of the social studies programme in connection with the 1971 Census. The programme of social studies taken up in connection with the 1971 Census, was continued without any major change at the 1981 Census as well. A study on traditional rural based handicrafts was, however, added as a new item under the social study projects of the 1981 Census. For the conduct of urban study, 64 small and medium towns were selected from different parts ot the country following the criteria such as (a) size, (b) demographic features, (c) functional characteristics, (d) specific industry or occupation dominating the economy, (e) location, (f) concentration of different castes and communities, and (g) other social and cultural phenomenon like temple town, health resort etc. The research design, tools for data collection and formats for data tabulation and report writing required for urban studies were originally formulated by Dr. B. K. Roy Burman, the then Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division. His successor, Dr. N.G. Nag took considerable pains to revise all the formats to make them more comprehensive. Dr. K.P. Ittaman, the present Deputy Registrar General heading Social Studies Division, coordinated these studies at different levels as well as rendered necessary guidance to the Directorates of Census Operations for their successful consummation. Shri M. K. Jain, Senior Research Officer with the able assistance of Shri Chinmoy Chakravorty, Assistant Director and Shri So Sanyal, Investigator