SHATTERING THE GLASS CEILING: FEMALE PIONEERS IN TECH HISTORY From inventing computing methods and devices, to making human spaceflight possible, to establishing or leading ground-breaking companies, women have shaped the evolution of technology. These women have all made their mark on IT history—and they’re not the only ones. 1952: Rear Admiral Grace Brewster Murray Hopper creates one of the world’s first compilers. 1943: Ruth Leach 1947: Joan Clarke is 1957: Mathematician Her programming language design work would 1843: Ada Lovelace Amonette is named appointed a Member Katherine Johnson lead to the creation of COBOL. becomes the first vice president of of the British Empire provides trajectory PHOTO: BETTMANN / GETTY computer program- IBM, becoming the for her codebreaking analysis for Freedom mer, designing the company’s first work during WW2 7, America’s first human first computer female executive spaceflight 1968: Barbara Liskov algorithm and PHOTO: SHUTTERSTOCK.COM becomes the first U.S. explaining how it 1984: Sandy Lerner woman to earn a Ph.D. would work on Charles co-founds Cisco in computer science. She Babbage’s proposed Systems with went on to win the Turing analytical machine Leonard Bosack Award in 2008. PHOTO: HULTON ARCHIVE/GETTY IMAGES 1989: Frances Allen is 2012: Ginni named the first female 1985: Radia Perlman writes the algorithm Rometty becomes IBM Fellow. In 2006, she behind STP as a solution to file sharing the first female becomes the first woman between computers, paving the way for president and to win the Turing award. internet functionality CEO of IBM 2004: PHOTO: COURTESY OF IBM Caterina Fake 2008: Sheryl co-founds Flickr Sandberg becomes with Stewart COO of Facebook Butterfield PHOTO: DREW ANGERER/GETTY PHOTO: BLOOMBERG/ GETTY 2017: Jennifer Morgan becomes the first woman appointed to 2014: Susan Mojcicki SAP’s executive board. becomes CEO Together, Morgan and of YouTube Adaire Fox-Martin lead SAP’s Global Customer Operations. 2012: Reshma Saujani launches Girls Who Code in 2015: Leanne Kemp launches 2014: Angela an effort to close the gender 2012: Sarah Clatterbuck Everledger, a startup that uses Ahrendts is named gap in coding becomes senior director blockchain to help verify the senior vice president PHOTO: JOHN LAMPARSKI/GETTY of engineering at LinkedIn diamond industry of Apple Retail PHOTO: MARK LEHN PHOTO: SHUTTERSTOCK.COM.