THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MBOZI DISTRICT SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Lake Rukwa Chunya District Mbeya Rural Ileje District Joint Publication by: THE PLANNING COMMISSION DAR ES SALAAM and MBOZI DISTRRICT COUNCIL MBEYA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD.....................................................................................................................v SECTION I........................................................................................................................ 1 1.0 LAND, PEOPLE, CLIMATE AND AGRO- ECONOMIC ZONES .................. 1 1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION ......................................................................................1 1.2 LAND AREA .................................................................................................................1 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS..........................................................................................5 1.4 POPULATION.............................................................................................................6 1.4.1 ETHNIC GROUPS.......................................................................................................6 1.4.2 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH........................................................................6 1.4.3 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ................................................................................8 1.5 MIGRATION ...............................................................................................................14 1.6 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS...........................................................................................14 1.7 TOPOGRAPHY/GENERAL MORPHOLOGY.............................................................15 SECTION II ....................................................................................................................16 2.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION........................................................................................16 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................16 2.1.2 EXPANSION OF PRIMARY EDUCATION:..............................................................16 2.1.3 GROSS ENROLMENT RATE...............................................................................21 2.1.4 STANDARD I ENROLMENT ...................................................................................25 DROP-OUTS..................................................................................................................28 2.1.5 FORM I SELECTION.............................................................................................30 2.1.6 PROBLEMS FACING PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE DISTRICT ..............................33 2.2.0 SECONDARY EDUCATION.....................................................................................35 2.1.5 ADULT EDUCATION:.............................................................................................38 WATER SECTOR.........................................................................................................39 2.2 RURAL WATER SUPPLY..........................................................................................40 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION:.....................................................................................................40 2.2.2 WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES:.................................................................................40 i 2.2.4 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION:...........................................................................48 2.2.5 URBAN WATER SUPPLY ......................................................................................50 2.2.6 SANITATION...........................................................................................................51 2.3.0 HEALTH SECTOR.................................................................................................53 2.3.1 HEALTH SITUATION.............................................................................................53 2.3.2 THE EXISTING HEALTH FACILITIES...................................................................54 2.3.3 OTHER HEALTH INDICATORS.............................................................................60 (i) Infant and Under 5 Mortality Rates................................................................60 (ii) Maternal Mortality Rate .................................................................................60 2.3.4 IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME.............................................................................61 2.3.5 HIV - INFECTION AND AIDS DISEASE:................................................................61 2.3.6 NUTRITIONAL STATUS........................................................................................62 SECTION III...................................................................................................................65 3.0 ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE.......................................................................65 3.1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................65 3.2 ROAD NETWORK ......................................................................................................67 3.3 RAILWAYS..................................................................................................................72 3.4 COMMUNICATION NETWORK................................................................................72 3.5 ENERGY.......................................................................................................................73 • Woodfuels: ..............................................................................................................73 • Electricity ...............................................................................................................73 • Biogas uses.............................................................................................................74 • Solar Energy:.........................................................................................................75 3.6 LAND DEVELOPMENT..............................................................................................75 SECTION IV...................................................................................................................77 4.0 PRODUCTIVE SECTOR...........................................................................................77 4.1 DISTRICT ECONOMY ................................................................................................77 4.1.1 DISTRICT GDP AND PER CAPITA GDP...............................................................78 4.1.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS...........................................................................80 4.1.3 EMPLOYMENT........................................................................................................81 4.2 AGRICULTURE...........................................................................................................81 4.2.1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................81 4.2.2 AGRO-ECONOMIC ZONES......................................................................................82 (i) Lowlands Zone....................................................................................................82 Location.....................................................................................................................82 GENERAL FEATURES......................................................................................................82 PHYSICAL RESOURCES....................................................................................................82 LAND AVAILABILITY AND TENURE ............................................................................83 ii CROPS................................................................................................................................84 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY....................................................................................................84 PHYSICAL RESOURCES....................................................................................................85 CROPS................................................................................................................................85 ANIMAL HUSBADRY.......................................................................................................85 (III) SOUTH WESTERN PLATEAU ZONE .....................................................................86 4.2.4 CROP PRODUCTION:..............................................................................................87 (I) FOOD CROPS...............................................................................................................88 (II) CASH CROP ................................................................................................................89 4.2.5 FOOD ADEQUACY..................................................................................................95 4.2.6 FARM IMPLEMENTS..............................................................................................96 4.2.7 FARM INPUTS.........................................................................................................96 4.2.8 STORAGE FACILITIES..........................................................................................100 4.2.8 IRRIGATION...........................................................................................................101