Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations (6 month embargo) 8-29-2011 The Figure of Adam in Rom 5:12-21 and 1 Cor 15:21-22, 45-49: The New Creation and Its Ethical and Social Reconfigurations Felipe De J. Legarreta Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss_6mos Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Legarreta, Felipe De J., "The Figure of Adam in Rom 5:12-21 and 1 Cor 15:21-22, 45-49: The New Creation and Its Ethical and Social Reconfigurations" (2011). Dissertations (6 month embargo). 5. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss_6mos/5 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations (6 month embargo) by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2011 Felipe De J. Legarreta LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO THE FIGURE OF ADAM IN ROM 5:12-21 AND 1 COR 15:21-22, 45-49: THE NEW CREATION AND ITS ETHICAL AND SOCIAL RECONFIGURATIONS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR IN PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN THEOLOGY BY FELIPE DE JESU LEGARRETA-CASTILLO CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2011 Copyright by Felipe de J. Legarreta Castillo, 2011 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The accomplishment of this dissertation is the result of a long journey of amazing discoveries and encouraging friendships. In want to thank the faculty and administrative personal of the Department of Theology. First of all the director of my dissertation, Professor Thomas Tobin, S.J. who patiently guided me with his biblical wisdom in every step of this dissertation and earlier in courses on Hellenistic Judaism and New Testament, in particular on the letter to the Romans. I also earnestly thank the two readers of my dissertation, Professor Robert Di Vito, who welcome me in the Department of Theology and guided me through ―the Law and the Prophets‖ and in the seminar of the Dead Sea Scrolls. And Professor Urban C. von Wahlde who enlightened me in the Johannine tradition. Their critical analysis and encouragement guided me and supported me all the way on this journey. I want to extend my gratitude also to Professors Wendy Cotter, Csj and Pauline Viviano who further illustrated me in the biblical sciences. Finally, I want to thank Catherine Wolf, Office Coordinator, and Marianne Wolfe, Administrative Assistant, at the Department of Theology at Loyola University Chicago for their friendship and most helpful assistance, and also to the staff at Cudahy library. I also want to thank all and every one of my numerous friends and parishioners many to name who have journey with me in the love and knowledge of the Scriptures. My gratitude especially to Fr. Anthony Taschetta and Fr. William Conway who took the iii extra pastoral load to support my studies and research while working together at St. Isidore and at St. Mary‘s respectively. Finalmente quiero agradecer de una manera muy especial a mi familia, mis padres Ignacio y María Inocencia, y a mis hermanos y hermanas José Ignacio, Ileana Patricia, Luis Noé, y Claudia, y demás familiares. Su fe en Dios y su amor al prójimo me han enseñado la esencia del mensaje de Jesucristo. iv Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE: STATUS QUESTIONIS ON THE ADAM TYPOLOGY IN PAUL 6 Proponents of the Gnostic Hypothesis 6 Proponents of the Jewish Hypothesis 15 Summary 38 CHAPTER TWO: THE FIGURE OF ADAM IN ANCIENT JEWISH SOURCES 43 Introduction 43 Contemporary Exegesis on Genesis 1-3 45 Hellenistic Interpretations on the Figure of Adam 49 Sirach 50 Wisdom of Solomon 60 Philo‘s De Opificio Mundi 67 The ―Rewritten Bible‖ on the Figure of Adam: Introduction 86 The Book of Jubilees 87 Josephus‘ Jewish Antiquities 93 Pseudo-Philo‘s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum 101 Sibylline Oracles 109 The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (L.A.E.) 113 Apocalyptic Interpretations on the Figure of Adam: Introduction 126 4 Ezra 127 2 Baruch 139 Summary 147 CHAPTER THREE: THE FIGURE OF ADAM IN 1 COR 15:21-22; 45-49; AND ROM 5:12-21 157 Introduction 157 Part One: Adam and the Resurrection of the Dead: 1 Corinthians 15 158 Literary Structure of 1 Corinthians 15 158 The Adam and Christ Antithesis: 1 Cor 15: 21-22; 45-49 165 Christ‘s Resurrection as the avparch , of the Dead, and Head of the New Humankind, 15:20-23 167 The First Adam from Dust and the Last Adam from Heaven: 15:45-49 177 Summary 195 Part Two: the Antithesis between Adam and Christ: Rom 5:12-21 198 Introduction 198 Literary Context 199 Internal Structure of Rom 5:12-21 201 vi The New Status of Humankind after Christ‘s Righteousness 203 The Coming of Death into the World through One Man‘ Sin: 5:12-14 207 The Incomparability between the Trespass and the Gift: 5:15-17 210 The Contrast between the One and the Many: 5:18-19 213 The Incompatibility between the Trespass and God‘s Grace: 5:20-21 214 Summary 218 CONCLUSION 221 BIBLIOGRAPHY 242 VITA 261 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AB Anchor Bible AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums AnBib Analecta Biblica ABRL Anchor Bible Reference Library ATT Ancient Texts and Translations BAGD Bauer, W., W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, and F. W. Danker. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 2d ed. Chicago, 1979 BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium Bib Biblica CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monographic Series FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments HCS Hellenistic Culture and Society HSS Harvard Semitic Studies HTR Harvard Theological Review HTS Harvard Theological Studies JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JSHRZ Jüdische Schriften aus hellenistisch-römischer Zeit viii JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Periods JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the New Testament: Supplement Series JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSP Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha JSPSup Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha: Supplement Series JSS Journal of Semitic Studies LCL Loeb Classical Library LLC Library of Christian Classics NTG New Testament Guides NovT Novum Testamentum NovTSup Supplements to Novum Testamentum NJBC The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. Edited by R. E. Brown et al. Englewood Cliffs, 1990. NTS New Testament Studies SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series OPT Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. Edited by J. H. Charlesworth. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1983-1985. SBLEJL Society of Biblical Literature Early Judaism and Its Literature SBLSP Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers SBLSymS Society of Biblical Literature Symposium Series SBT Studies in Biblical Theology SEÅ Svensk exegetisk årsbok ix Semeia Semeia SMBen Série Monographique de Benedictina: Section Biblico-Œcuménique SNTSMS Society for the New Testament Studies Monograph Series SP Sacra pagina SPhilo Studia philonica StudBib Studia Biblica SVTP Studia in Veteris Testamenti pseudepigrapha SPhilo Studia Philonica SPhA Studia Philonica Annual StPB Studia post-biblica ST Studia theologica StPB Studia post-biblica TBN Themes in Biblical Narrative TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Edited by G. Kittel and G. Friedrich. Translated by G. W. Bromiley. 10 vols. Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1964-1976 TynBul Tyndale Bulletin WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament x INTRODUCTION In Rom 5:12-21 and 1 Cor 15:21-22, 45-49 Adam represents an antithetical figure of the eschatological times inaugurated in Christ‘s resurrection. Historical critical studies have looked into Paul‘s backgrounds of the Adam motif and found that Paul and very likely the Christian communities in Rome and Corinth were acquainted with earlier traditions and interpretations of the story of the creation and fall of man (Genesis 3).1 Thus, Joaquim Jeremias suggested that behind the Adam motif in Paul was an Easter myth of the primordial man.2 Others believed that Gnosticism influenced Paul‘s distinction between the heavenly and earthly man. Still others suggest that Philonic interpretations of the creation account reached the Christian community in Corinth via 1 Peter C. Bouteneff, Beginnings: Ancient Christian Readings of the Biblical Creation Narratives (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008), presents a summary on the figure of Adam from Genesis 1-3 to the Fathers of the Church. Other studies on the Adam motif in Paul include J. P. Versteeg, Is Adam a “Teaching Model” in the New Testament?: An Examination of One of the Central Points in the Views of H. M. Kuitert and Others, trans. Richard B. Gaffin. Nutley, N.J.: Presbyterian and Reformed, 1977; Alexander John Maclagan Wedderburn, ―Adam in Paul‘s Letters to the Romans,‖ in StudBib 3 (1978): 413-30, studies Rom 1:18ff and 7:7ff. Nicholas Thomas Wright, ―Adam in Pauline Christology,‖ SBL Seminar Papers vol. 22, (Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1983), 359-389; C. Marvin Pate, Adam Christology as Exegetical & Theological Substructure of 2 Corinthians 4:7-5:21 (Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1991); Seyoon Kim, The Origin of Paul‟s Gospel (Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, Paul Siebeck, 1984), 162-192; James D. G. Dunn, The Theology of Paul, the Apostle, (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1998), 281-292; idem, Christology in the Making.