Issue 100, 1st Quarter 2021 Countering Chinese Coercion Remotely Piloted Airstrikes Logistics Under Fire JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY ISSUE ONE HUNDRED, 1 ST QUARTER 2021 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 100, 1st Quarter 2021 https://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Senior Editor and Director of Art John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Creative Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee BrigGen Jay M. Bargeron, USMC/Marine Corps War College; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; BG Joy L. Curriera, USA/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Col Lee G. Gentile, Jr., USAF/Air Command and Staff College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Ambassador John Hoover/College of International Security Affairs; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; MG Stephen J. Maranian, USA/U.S. Army War College; VADM Stuart B. Munsch, USN/The Joint Staff; LTG Andrew P. Poppas, USA/The Joint Staff; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Michael T. Rawls, USAF/Air War College; MajGen W.H. Seely III/Joint Forces Staff College Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; Richard L. DiNardo/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Aaron L. Friedberg/Princeton University; Bryon Greenwald/Joint Forces Staff College; COL James E. Hayes, USA/National War College; Douglas N. Hime/Naval War College; Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.)/The Joint Staff; Kathleen Mahoney-Norris/Air Command and Staff College; Bert B. Tussing/U.S. Army War College Cover 2 images (top to bottom): Hospital Corpsman 2nd Class Elizabeth R. Pinon, assigned to USS Halsey, exercises topside, South China Sea, September 4, 2020 (U.S. Navy/Andrew Langholf); Trainee attacks dummy during Basic Expeditionary Airman Skills Training, as part of Air Force Basic Military Training, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, March 18, 2019 (U.S. Air Force/Bennie J. Davis III); Information Systems Technician Seaman Gabriella Hernandez practices mock takedowns during security force training aboard USS Momsen, South China Sea, July 4, 2019 (U.S. Navy/Sean Rinner) About the Cover In This Issue Virginia National Guard Airmen assigned to 192nd Security Forces Squadron, 192nd Mission Support Forum Group, 192nd Wing, help secure 2 From the Chiefs of grounds near U.S. Capitol, January the Joint Staff 13, 2021, in Washington, DC, assisting Federal and District of 6 Executive Summary Columbia authorities in support of th 8 The Evolution of Special 59 Presidential Inauguration (U.S. Air National Guard/Bryan Myhr) Operations as a Model for Information Forces By Christopher E. Paul and Michael Schwille 14 Harnessing the Power of Information: A Better Approach 73 The Myths of Lyme Disease: for Countering Chinese Coercion Separating Fact from Fiction Joint Doctrine By Kurt Stahl for Military Personnel 120 Military Health System Preparedness in 20 Beyond Bean Bags and By Montgomery McFate Humanitarian Action Rubber Bullets: Intermediate By Paul L. Reed and Thomas D. Kirsch Force Capabilities Across the Features Competition Continuum 81 Fight Tonight: Reenergizing 124 Joint Doctrine Update By Susan Levine the Pentagon for Great Power Competition 26 The “Next Training Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National Revolution”: Readying the By Brandon J. Archuleta Defense University Press for the Chairman of the and Jonathan I. Gerson Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman’s flagship Joint Force for Great Power joint military and security studies journal designed to Competition and Conflict 88 Modernizing the Operational inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and other partners on joint and integrated operations; By Thomas C. Greenwood, Terry Design of the Medical national security policy and strategy; efforts to combat Heuring, and Alec Wahlman Readiness Training Exercise terrorism; homeland security; and developments in training and joint professional military education to By Brian H. Neese and transform America’s military and security apparatus JPME Today Douglas J. Robb to meet tomorrow’s challenges better while protecting freedom today. All published articles have been vetted 36 Beneath the Crosshairs: through a peer-review process and cleared by the 94 A New Look at Operational Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review. Remotely Piloted Airstrikes Art: How We View War as a Foreign Policy Tool NDU Press is the National Defense University’s Dictates How We Fight It cross-component, professional military and academic By Roderic K. Butz By Chad Buckel publishing house. The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations 49 It’s Not Just About Cyber 101 Multidomain Ready: How expressed or implied within are those of the Anymore: Multidisciplinary contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views Integrated Air and Missile of the Department of Defense or any other agency of Cyber Education and Training Defense Is Leading the Way the Federal Government. Under the New Information By Jonathan C. Stafford Copyright Notice Warfare Paradigm This is the official U.S. Department of Defense edition By Joshua A. Sipper of Joint Force Quarterly. Any copyrighted portions Recall of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted without permission of the copyright proprietors. JFQ 57 Logistics Under Fire: Changes 107 Behind Enemy Plans: A should be acknowledged whenever material is quoted for Meeting Dynamically Process-Tracing Analysis of from or based on its content. Employed Forces Germany’s Operational Approach Submissions and Communications JFQ welcomes submission of scholarly, independent By Stephanie Myers, Eric to a Western Invasion research from members of the Armed Forces, Shirley, Brian Joseph Anderson, By Bradley Podliska, Karin security policymakers and shapers, defense analysts, and Steven Hejmanowski Hecox, and Oliver Sagun academic specialists, and civilians from the United States and abroad. Submit articles for consideration to ScholarOne, available at https://mc04. Commentary Book Reviews manuscriptcentral.com/ndupress, or write to: Editor, Joint Force Quarterly 65 Independent and Credible: 116 The Battle for Pakistan NDU Press Advising Afghan Security Reviewed by Gerald J. Krieger 300 Fifth Avenue (Building 62, Suite 212) Forces During the 2019 Fort Lesley J. McNair Washington, DC 20319 Presidential Election 117 Grand Improvisation Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 By Forest Pierce Reviewed by Daniel Marston Email: [email protected] JFQ online: ndupress.ndu.edu/jfq 1st Quarter, January 2021 118 Restoring Thucydides ISSN 1070-0692 Reviewed by Robert D. Spessert Pictured (left to right, top to bottom): General Mark A. Milley, USA, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; General John E. Hyten, USAF, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; General James C. McConville, USA, Chief of Staff of the Army; General David H. Berger, USMC, Commandant of the Marine Corps; Admiral Michael M. Gilday, USN, Chief of Naval Operations; General Charles Q. Brown, Jr., USAF, Chief of Staff of the Air Force; General John W. Raymond, USSF, Chief of Space Operations; General Daniel R. Hokanson, USA, Chief of the National Guard Bureau. 01_Forum_iss100_qtr1_converted 2 2/3/21 1:25 PM Statue of George Washington and Constantino Brumidi’s 1865 fresco, The Apotheosis of Washington, in Rotunda of U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, DC, September 6, 2016 (Architect of the Capitol) The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension, which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries, which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual; and sooner or later the chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of Public Liberty. —PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON Farewell Address, 1796 American flag flies outside Capitol Building during 59th Presidential Inauguration ceremony in Washington, January 20, 2021, when President Joseph R. Biden and Vice President Kamala D. Harris took oath of office on West Front of U.S. Capitol (DOD/Carlos M. Vazquez II) Executive Summary We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity. —PREAMBLE TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION We train as a team, fight as a team, and win as a team. —GENERAL COLIN POWELL, JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY 1 (SUMMER 1993) t is January 2021, where the daunting photographs and graphics, on more joint leadership saw as both possible and challenges that have become everyday than 12,000 pages. JFQ has remained necessary to protect the Nation. Together, I life in a global pandemic continue to the leading source of what General you, the readers and writers for JFQ, your mount, and your Joint Force Quarterly Powell wanted us to be: “the voice of teammates here at the National Defense team is rolling out this 100th issue. the joint warfighter.” University Press and the Joint Staff, and on Since the first issue in 1993, JFQ has For over 27 years, your JFQ team up to the Joint Chiefs and the Chairman, had 9 Chairmen, 7 editors in chief, 40 has always worked hard to bring you the have done great service toward that end.