Oracle® Audit Vault And Database Firewall Auditor's Guide Release 20 E93409-08 September 2021 Oracle Audit Vault And Database Firewall Auditor's Guide, Release 20 E93409-08 Copyright © 2012, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Primary Authors: Karthik Shetty, Rajesh Tammana, Mahesh Rao , Ravi Kumar, Sachin Deshmanya, Manish Chandra Contributors: Vipin Samar, Marek Dulko, Nithin Gomez, William Howard-Jones, Sarma Namuduri, Paul Laws, Kaviarasi G, Lok Sheung, Soumya Vinod, Shrikrishna Mudrale, Paul Hackett, Tom Taylor This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. 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Contents Preface Audience xvii Documentation Accessibility xvii Diversity and Inclusion xvii Related Documents xvii Conventions xvii Translation xviii Quick Reference for Common Tasks About this Quick Reference xix Targets xix User Accounts and Access Rights xx Email Notifications xx Status and Job Monitoring xx Audit Policies (for Oracle Databases) xx Firewall Policies xx Reports xxi Entitlements xxii Alerts xxii 1 Changes In Oracle Audit Vault and Database Firewall Release 20 2 Introducing Oracle Audit Vault and Database Firewall 2.1 Downloading the Latest Version of This Manual 2-1 2.2 Learning About Oracle Audit Vault and Database Firewall 2-1 2.3 The Auditor's Role 2-1 2.4 Understanding Targets 2-2 2.5 Understanding Firewall Policies 2-3 2.6 Understanding Audit Policies and Audit Data Collection 2-3 2.7 Requirements for Collecting Audit Data from Targets 2-3 iii 2.7.1 Requirements for Oracle Database 2-4 2.7.1.1 Ensuring That Auditing Is Enabled in the Target Database 2-4 2.7.1.2 Using Recommended Audit Settings in the Target Database 2-4 2.7.2 Requirements for SQL Server, Sybase ASE, and IBM DB2 Databases 2-5 2.8 Configuring Alerts and Notifications 2-5 2.9 Generating Reports 2-6 2.10 Creating Users and Managing Access 2-6 2.11 Logging in and Understanding the Audit Vault Server Console UI 2-6 2.11.1 Logging in to the Audit Vault Server Console 2-6 2.11.2 Understanding the Tabs in the Audit Vault Server Console UI 2-7 2.11.3 Working with Lists of Objects in the UI 2-7 3 Managing Targets 3.1 About Managing Targets 3-1 3.2 Viewing and Changing Settings for a Target 3-1 3.2.1 Viewing Audit Policy Settings for Oracle Databases 3-1 3.2.2 Retrieving User Entitlement Data for Oracle Database Targets 3-2 3.2.3 Activating Stored Procedure Auditing 3-3 3.2.4 Viewing a List of Audit Trails for a Target 3-4 3.2.5 Selecting a Firewall Policy 3-5 3.2.6 Viewing a List of Database Firewall Monitoring Points 3-5 3.2.6.1 Viewing a List of Monitoring Points for a Database Target 3-5 3.2.6.2 Viewing a List of Monitoring Points for All Your Target Databases 3-6 3.2.7 Setting a Data Retention (Archiving) Policy 3-6 3.3 Creating and Modifying Target Groups 3-7 3.3.1 About Target Groups 3-7 3.3.2 Creating and Modifying Target Groups 3-7 3.4 Managing Compliance for Target Databases 3-8 3.5 Setting Access Rights for Targets and Groups 3-9 4 Managing Access and Other Settings 4.1 Managing User Accounts and Access 4-1 4.1.1 About Oracle AVDF Auditor Accounts and Passwords 4-1 4.1.2 Creating Auditor Accounts 4-1 4.1.3 Viewing the Status of Auditor User Accounts 4-2 4.1.4 Managing User Access to Targets or Groups 4-2 4.1.4.1 About Managing User Access 4-2 4.1.4.2 Controlling Access by User 4-3 4.1.4.3 Controlling Access by Target or Group 4-3 iv 4.1.5 Changing a User Account Type 4-4 4.1.6 Changing the Auditor Password 4-5 4.1.7 Deleting an Auditor Account 4-5 4.2 Creating Templates and Distribution Lists for Email Notifications 4-6 4.2.1 About Email Notifications and Templates 4-6 4.2.2 Creating or Modifying an Email Distribution List 4-6 4.2.3 Creating or Modifying an Email Template 4-7 4.3 Creating Alert Syslog Templates 4-9 4.4 Viewing Monitoring Point and Audit Trail Status 4-9 4.4.1 Viewing Monitoring Point Status 4-9 4.4.2 Viewing Audit Trail Status 4-10 4.5 Monitoring Jobs 4-10 5 Creating Audit Policies for Oracle Databases 5.1 About Audit Policies 5-1 5.2 General Steps for Creating Audit Policies for Oracle Databases 5-1 5.3 Retrieving and Modifying Audit Policies from an Oracle Database 5-1 5.3.1 Understanding the Columns on the Audit Policies Tab 5-1 5.3.2 Retrieving Audit Policies from Multiple Oracle Databases 5-2 5.3.3 Scheduling Retrieval of Audit Settings for a Single Oracle Database 5-3 5.4 Provisioning Unified Audit Policies 5-3 5.4.1 Basic Auditing 5-3 5.4.2 Admin Activity Auditing Policy 5-5 5.4.3 User Activity Auditing Policy 5-7 5.4.4 Audit Compliance Standards 5-7 5.4.4.1 Center for Internet Security Recommendations Unified Audit Policy 5-8 5.4.4.2 Security Technical Implementation Guidelines (STIG) 5-8 5.4.5 Custom and Oracle Predefined Unified Policies 5-10 5.4.6 Provisioning Unified Audit Policies from the Audit Vault Server 5-12 5.5 Provisioning Traditional Audit Policies 5-13 5.5.1 About Creating Audit Policy Settings 5-13 5.5.2 Specifying which Audit Policies are needed 5-13 5.5.3 Creating Audit Policies for SQL Statements 5-14 5.5.3.1 About SQL Statement Auditing 5-14 5.5.3.2 Defining SQL Statement Audit Settings 5-14 5.5.3.3 Understanding the Statement Audit Settings 5-16 5.5.4 Creating Audit Policies for Schema Objects 5-16 5.5.4.1 About Schema Object Auditing 5-16 5.5.4.2 Defining Schema Object Audit Settings 5-17 5.5.4.3 Understanding the Object Audit Settings Page 5-18 v 5.5.5 Creating Audit Policies for Privileges 5-18 5.5.5.1 About Privilege Auditing 5-19 5.5.5.2 Defining Privilege Audit Settings 5-19 5.5.5.3 Understanding the Privilege Audit Settings Page 5-20 5.5.6 Creating Audit Policies for Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA) 5-21 5.5.6.1 About Fine-Grained Auditing 5-21 5.5.6.2 Using Event Handlers in Fine-Grained Auditing 5-22 5.5.6.3 Auditing Specific Columns and Rows 5-22 5.5.6.4 Defining Fine-Grained Audit Settings 5-22 5.5.6.5 Understanding the Fine-Grained Audit Settings