DOCUMENT RESUME ED 266 606 EC 182 021 AUTHOR Gallagher, James J., Ed.; Weiner, Blume B., Ed. TITLE Alternative Futures in Special Education. INSTITUTION Council for Exceptional Children, Reston, Va.; ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, Reston, Va. SPONS AGENCY Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC. REPORT NO ISBN-0-86586-160-9 PUB DATE 86 CONTRACT 400-84-0010 NOTE 214p. AVAILABLE FROMThe Council for Exceptional Childr.n, Publication Sales, 1920 Association Dr., Reston, VA 22091 ($17.50, $14.90 members; Publication No. P306). PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Collected Works - Conference Proceedings (021) -- Information Analyses- ERIC Information Analysis Products (071) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Child Advocacy; *Disabilities; *Early Childhood Education; Educational Technology; F4ucational Trends; Elementary Secondary Education; *Family Relationship; *Futures (of Society); Leadership Training; Legislation; Prevention; Public Policy; Research Needs; *Special Education ABSTRACT Twelve author-contributed papers from a 1984 conference examine the future of special education. The following titles and authors are represented: "The Institute for Researchon Exceptional Children at the University of Illinois" (S. Kirk andW. Spalding); "The Family with a Child Who Is Handicapped: Research Focus for the 1980's" (J. Gallagher); "Families with Mentally Retarded Members: An Agenda for Research 1985-2000" (B. Farber); "Future Directions in Early Childhood Education for Exceptional Children" (M. Karnes); "The Future of Early Childhood Special Education: A Perspective on Prevention" (K. Scott andD. Carran); "Technology and Special Education Futures: Paradigm Shift" (S. Ashcroft); "Technology: A Look Into the Future for Special Education" (L. Stolurow); "The Center for Studies in Education andHuman Development: A Programmatic Approach to Research in the Area of Deafness" (D. Moores); "Leadership Training Models for the Future" (C. Howe); "A Proposed American Academy of Scholars in Education of the Handicapped" (L. Dunn); "The Future of Legislative Advocacy for Exceptional Children" (E. Boggs); "Public Policy and Special Education: An Unfinished Agenda" (E. Martin). (CL) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ' , 314, " ' . *' 7; r ' 0,P , efeofi-.1/ 4 , 'Ne745.ihig,', , ' . 4Ak, Lib.ary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data I Main entry under title Alternative futures in speaal education "A product of the ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children." Papers from a conference held in September, 1984 to honor Samuel A. Kirk. 1 Exceptional childrenEducationUnited StatesForecastingCongresses. I. Gallagher, James John, 1926-. II. Weiner, Bluma B. (Bluma Beryl), 1915-. III. Kirk, Samuel Alexander, 1904- IV. ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Chil- dren V Council for Exceptional Children LC3981 A681985 371.96'0973 85-25507 ISDN 0 86586-160-9 A product of the ERIC Cleannghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children. Publishe.' in 1986 by The Council for Exceptional Children, 1920 Association Drive, Reston, Virginia 22091-1589. This publication was prepared with funding from the U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Educational Research and Improvement, contract no 400-84-0010. Contractors undertaking such projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their judgment in professional and technical matters. Prior to publication the manuscnpt was submitted to The Council for Exceptional Children for critical review and determination of professional competence. This pub- lication has met such standards. Points of view, however, do not necessarily represent the official view or opinions of either The Council for Exceptional Children or the Department of Education. Printed in the United States of Amenca. 3 a I To Samuel A. &in(Kirk who hasnever ceased his efforts on behalf of exceptional children or his encouragement of excellence of the profes- sionals who serve them. Dr. Kirk, an advocate and statesman, is recognized with this pub- lication by his colleagues and The Council for Exceptional Children, the professional association he has served so well. 4 Contents Preface vii 1. The Institute for Research on Exceptional Children at the University of Illinois 1 Samuel A. Kirk and Willard B. Spalding 2. The Family with a Child Who Is Handicapped: Research Focus for the 1980's 13 James J. Gallagher 3. Families with Mentally Retarded Members: An Agenda for Research 1985-2000 25 Bernard Farber 4. Future Directions in Early Childhood Education for Exceptional Children 42 Merle B. Karnes 5. The Future of Early Childhood Special Education: A Perspective on Prevention 65 Keith G. Scott and Deborah T. Carran 6. Technology and Special Education Futures: Paradigm Shift 81 f:kirnuel C. Ashcroft 7. Technology: A Look Into the Future for Special Education 91 Lawrence M. Stolui ow 8. The Center for Studies in Education and Human Development: A Programmatic Approach to Research in the Area of Deafneiss 130 Donald F. Moores 9. Leadership Training Models for the Future 154 Clifford E. Howe 0 10. A Proposed American Academy of Scholars inEducatior of the Handicapped 162 Lloyd M. Dunn 11. The Future of Legislative Advocacy for Exceptional Children 179 Elizabeth M. Boggs 12. Public Policy and Special Education: An Unfinished Agenda 1Q3 Edwin W Martin 6 Vi Preface The chapters in this volume were prepared to honor one of special education's pioreers, Samuel A. Kirk. For the past 40 years, in the field of special ?duration the name of Sam Kirk has been synonymous with thoughtful inquiry, professional integ:ity, and responsible advocacy. His pioneer work in mental re- tardation in the 1940's and 1950's evolved into conceptual leadership of the new field of learning disabilities in the 1960's and 1970's. His thoughtful counsel is still sought in both of these areas. In addition, he became one of the first special educators to provide leadership at the federal level, having served for a brief time in the U.S. Office of Education in the 1960's. Sam was the Director of the Institute for Research on Exceptional Children at the University of Illinois for almost 20 years, and in that capacity he turned out a regiment of students who staffed leadership positions in a variety of special education roles across the nation. He also organized a multidisciplinary staff that made numerous contri- butions of their own in research and leadership training. In September, 1984, many of his former colleagues and students gathered once again at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana to help celebrate his 80th birthday. The manner of the celebration was vintage Sam Kirk. There would be, by his direction, no soggy remi- niscences, no maudlin reconstruction of the past, but instead an at- tempt to look hard at the future of special education. The papers presented in this volume represent the contributions of some of the people at that conference. The varied perspectives and backgrounds of the contributors are apparent. The topics range from early child- hood to families of handicapped children, the new uses of technology, leadership training, and public policy. We are particularly appreciative of the presence at the conference of Dr. Elizabeth Bog^s, whose leadership in special education ad- vocacy has been a continuous and significant factor for decades, and of Dr. Edwin Martin, who served for over 10 years as the director of the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped in the U.S. Office of Education. These papers are designed as a contribution to the field of special education, but they also represent a small thank-you to Sam for his contributions to the careers of all of us who were associated with him. James J. Gallagher s viii CHAPTER 1 The Institute for Research on Exceptional Children at the University of Illinois Samuel A. Kirk Willard B. Spalding This article was written in the early 19:;9's to describe thenew Institute for Research on Exceptional Children designed by Dr Samuel A. Kirk, whichwas to set the stage for two decades of productivity in the field of exceptional children and through which most of the conference participants workedas faculty or as students. In the summer of 1952 President George D. Stoddardrecom- mended, and the Board of Trustees of the University ofIllinois ap- proved, the organization of an Institute for Researchon Exceptional Children. It is the purpose of this article to explain the functionsof the Institute and the reason for its development,since this is the first Institute of its kind established bya University. THE PRESENT SITUATION Exceptional children are those who deviate from theaverage in phys- ical, social, or mental characteristics to suchan extent that they are The matenal in this chapter is repnnttd fromThe Educational Forum (pp.413-422), May 1953, Cobmbus, OH. Kappa Delta Pi Honor Society in Education Copyright 1953 by Kappa Delta Pi Honor Society in Education Repnnted by permison. 9 2Alternative Futures in Special Education unable to profit sufficiently from the program of the conventional school and require special provisions for their care, education, and development. These children are either mentally retarded, mentally gifted or talented, visually defective, auditorially defective, physically crippled, defective in