2010 HIGH CONSERVATION VALUE FORESTS IN KETAPANG LANDSCAPE Fauna & Flora International Indonesia Program TABLE of CONTENT TABLE of CONTENT ______________________________________________________ i TABLE of TABLES_______________________________________________________ iv TABLE of FIGURES _______________________________________________________ v CHAPTER I. ___________________________________________________________ 1 INTRODUCTION _______________________________________________________ 1 CHAPTER II. ___________________________________________________________ 3 GENERAL CONDITION OF KETAPANG DISTRICT ______________________________ 3 1.1. Topography and Geology ______________________________________________ 4 1.2. Climate _____________________________________________________________ 5 1.3. Demogaphy and Socio-economic Condition ________________________________ 5 1.4. Biodiversity Highlights: Conservation and Protection Areas ___________________ 7 CHAPTER III. __________________________________________________________ 9 HCVF: DEFINITION AND IDENTIFICATION METHODS __________________________ 9 3.1. Definition ___________________________________________________________ 9 HCV 1. Areas with Important Levels of Biodiversity __________________________________ 10 HCV 2. Natural landscapes and dynamics __________________________________________ 11 HCV 3. Rare or endangered ecosystems ___________________________________________ 12 HCV 4. Environmental Services___________________________________________________ 13 HCV 5. Natural areas critical for meeting the basic needs of local people _________________ 14 HCV 6. Areas critical for maintaining the cultural identity of local communities ____________ 14 3.2. Identifying High Conservation Values ____________________________________ 14 3.3. Mapping of identified HCVs ___________________________________________ 18 3.4. Delineating HCVF Boundaries __________________________________________ 19 3.5. Application of the Precautionary Approach _______________________________ 20 3.6. Description of Sites Studied for Landscape Level HCV References _____________ 22 3.6..1 Gunung Palung National Park ______________________________________________ 24 3.6.2. Gunung Tarak Protection Forest ___________________________________________ 25 3.6.3. Sungai Puteri Peat Forest Block ____________________________________________ 26 3.6.4. Riam Berasap Jaya Customary Forest ___________________________________________ 29 3.6.5. Hulu Jelai Forested Areas _____________________________________________________ 29 3.6.5.1 Bukit Perai Protection Forest _______________________________________________ 29 3.6.5.2. SJM Logging Concession __________________________________________________ 30 3.6.6. Kuala Satong and Tolak Peat Forests ________________________________________ 32 i | Page High Conservation Value Forests in Ketapang District 3.6.7. Pematang Gadung wetland and forested areas _______________________________ 32 3.6.8. ISK–HSL Oil Palm Concession ______________________________________________ 34 3.7. Survey Methodologies ________________________________________________ 34 3.7.1 Orangutan survey _________________________________________________________ 35 3.7.2 Bird Diversity _____________________________________________________________ 37 3.7.3. Diversity of Primates, Mammals, and Other Wildlife _______________________________ 38 3.7.4 Botanical Surveys __________________________________________________________ 39 CHAPTER IV. _________________________________________________________ 41 RESULTS OF ASSESSMENT: ______________________________________________ 41 PART A – NATURAL RESOURCE CONDITIONS _______________________________ 41 4.1. Ecological Condition _________________________________________________ 41 4.2. Orangutan: Population, Distribution and Threats __________________________ 49 4.3. Bird Diversity _______________________________________________________ 52 4.4. Diversity of Other Primates and Mammals _______________________________ 54 4.5. Herpetofauna _______________________________________________________ 55 4.6. Vegetation Characteristics ____________________________________________ 57 4.7. Hidro-orology _______________________________________________________ 61 4.8. Social, Economy and Cultural Condition __________________________________ 63 CHAPTER IV. _________________________________________________________ 66 PART B. HCV IDENTIFICATION ___________________________________________ 66 HCV 1. Areas with Important Levels of Biodiversity ____________________________ 66 HCV 1.1. Areas that Contain or Provide Biodiversity Support Function to Protection or Conservation Areas _______________________________________________________________ 66 HCV 1.2. Critically Endangered species ____________________________________________ 70 HCV 1.3. Areas that contain habitat for viable populations of endangered, restricted range or protected species ________________________________________________________________ 73 HCV 1.4. Areas containing habitat for temporary use by species or congregations of species 73 HCV 2. Natural landscapes and dynamics _____________________________________ 77 HCV 2.1 Large natural landscapes with capacity to maintain natural ecological processes and dynamics 77 HCV 2.2 Areas that contain two or more contiguous ecosystems ________________________ 78 HCV 2.3 Areas that contain representative populations of most naturally occurring species ___ 81 HCV 3. Rare or endangered ecosystems ______________________________________ 82 HCV 4. Environmental Services _____________________________________________ 85 ii | Page High Conservation Value Forests in Ketapang District HCV 4.1 Areas or ecosystems important for the provision of water and prevention of floods for downstream communities _________________________________________________________ 85 HCV 4.2 Areas importat for the prevention of erosion and sedimentation _________________ 85 HCV 4.3 Areas that function as natural barrier to the spread of forest or ground fire ________ 88 HCV 5. Natural areas critical for meeting the basic needs of local people ___________ 89 HCV 6. Areas critical for maintaining the cultural identity of local communities ______ 90 MAPPING OF INDICATIVE HCVF ______________________________________________ 94 CHAPTER 5. __________________________________________________________ 96 DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATION ______________________________________ 96 CHAPTER 6. _________________________________________________________ 100 LITERATURE CITED ___________________________________________________ 100 iii | Page High Conservation Value Forests in Ketapang District TABLE of TABLES Table 1. Ecosystem types in Ketapang District. ______________________________________________ 41 Table 2. Land cover and land status in Ketapang District _____________________________________ 43 Table 3. Land cover and land status in Kayong Utara District __________________________________ 46 Table 4. Overlapped condition between existing land cover and land designation. _________________ 47 Table 5. Landcover of each study sites surveyed during the project implementation, except that of Gunung Palung National Park ___________________________________________________________ 50 Table 6. Threats from each study sites identified during the project implementation. _______________ 52 Table 7. Conservation-concerned species of herpetofauna in the SJM logging concesion areas. _______ 56 Table 8. Peat distribution in each sub-district in both Ketapang and Kayong Utara Districts. _________ 57 Table 9. High conservation value vegetation species found in Ketapang District. __________________ 60 Table 10. Extent of erosion hazard level for each district ______________________________________ 62 Table 11. The estimated economic value of agriculture commodities in 2007. _____________________ 63 Table 12. Protected area system in Ketapang and Kayong Utara Districts ________________________ 66 Table 13. Some of very important species in Ketapang _______________________________________ 70 Table 14.. Forest cover in the areas of high and very high erosion hazard ________________________ 88 Table 15. Land cover composition of the indicative HCVF area in Ketapang landscape. _____________ 94 Table 16. Landcover on the protected area system in Ketapang landscape _______________________ 96 iv | Page High Conservation Value Forests in Ketapang District TABLE of FIGURES Figure 1. Map of Ketapang District with Administrative Boundary _______________________________ 4 Figure 2. Gross Domestic Product of Ketapang District: _______________________________________ 6 Figure 3. Location of study sites in Ketapang District. ________________________________________ 23 Figure 4. Location of Gunung Palung National Park: study site distribution ______________________ 25 Figure 5. Survey location in Gunung Tarak Protection Forest. __________________________________ 26 Figure 6. Location of the Sungai Putri Peat Forest Block (red outline), the adjacent Gunung Palung NP (yellow outline), and its neighbouring Gunung Tarak Protection Forest (blue outline). ______________ 27 Figure 7. Landuse designations in the Sungai Putri Peat Forest Block (MoF, 2000). Areal Penggunaan Lain= Other Use forest; Hutan Lindung= Protected Forest, Hutan Produksi= Production Forest; Hutan Produksi Konversi= Konversion Forest. ____________________________________________________ 28 Figure 8. Main land systems present in the area and locations to be converted to oil palm plantations (MDW= shallow peat, less than 3 meters deep; GBT=