WSAN COVERAGE EXTENSION OVER IP IN A HOME AUTOMATION SERVICE BASED ON Z-WAVE Alfonso Millán Omil Master’s Thesis presented to the Telecommunications Engineering School Master’s Degree in Telecommunications Engineering Supervisors Felipe Gil Castiñeira Jesús Manuel García Gude 2017 I would like to dedicate this thesis to all my family and friends for supporting me throughout writing it and in my life in general. iv Abstract Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs) usually have external access gateways to allow the control and the monitoring from Cloud Computing platforms, where the high level management of the data is performed. However, usually the Internet latency is a non assumable bottleneck and it is necessary to follow the Edge Computing paradigm, and perform part of the data processing at the edge of the network. This research pursues the creation of an architecture to capture information from sensors, process it at the edge (in a gateway controlled by the operator), send the relevant results to the cloud infrastructure, and send instructions to the actuators if necessary. It was performed in a complex LAN environment, so it was necessary to design a hierarchical infrastructure to be able to connect all the sensors and actuators to the master gateway that is directly connected to the cloud infrastructure. In this architecture it is possible to include several slave gateways that are connected to the principal gateway through Ethernet. Since this work was done in the network operator company, R Cable, it is intended to be an immediate practical application. Despite this, the development keep having academic value. This document is distributed into five sections, excluding the appendixes: • Introduction to the project including the development context, the motivation of the research, the scope of the investigation and a plan of the tests performed. • Analysis of the state of the art in IoT. • Description of the smart home platform of RCable. • Methodology and performed tests. • Conclusions and future lines of the project. Table of contents List of figures xi List of tables xiv Nomenclature xv 1 Introduction2 1.1 Context . .3 1.2 Motivation . .4 1.3 Scope . .5 2 State of the art 10 2.1 The IoT architecture . 11 2.1.1 Edge Computing . 11 2.1.2 Fog Computing . 11 2.2 The smart sensor and actuators . 12 2.2.1 IEEE 1451 standard family . 14 2.2.1.1 IEEE 1451.0 . 16 2.2.1.2 IEEE 1451.1 . 16 2.2.1.3 IEEE 1451.5 . 18 2.2.2 WSAN designs . 18 2.2.2.1 IEEE 802.15.4 . 19 Table of contents vii 2.2.2.2 Z-Wave . 20 2.2.2.3 Security in WSANs . 22 2.2.3 WSAN protocols in Smart Home . 22 2.3 Platform architectures . 23 2.3.1 Software platforms . 23 2.3.1.1 Operating systems for IoT . 24 2.3.1.2 Linux based operating systems . 24 2.3.1.3 Non-Linux based operating systems . 25 2.3.2 IoT protocols . 26 2.3.2.1 Infrastructure protocols . 26 2.3.2.2 Data protocols . 26 2.3.2.3 Framework architectures . 27 2.4 IoT cloud providers . 30 2.4.1 Amazon . 30 2.4.2 Microsoft . 31 2.4.3 Google . 31 3 The 3ollosR service 33 3.1 Sensorization . 36 3.1.1 End devices . 36 3.1.1.1 Z-Wave WSAN . 36 3.1.1.2 IP video cameras . 37 3.1.2 Master-GW hardware . 38 3.1.2.1 Embedded computer boards . 38 3.1.2.2 MMC flash memory architecture . 40 3.1.2.3 The enclosure . 41 3.1.3 Master-GW software . 42 3.1.3.1 Z-Wave WSAN management . 43 viii Table of contents 3.1.3.2 Video service . 45 3.1.3.3 Localnet . 46 3.2 Back-end . 47 3.2.1 External Resource Server . 48 3.2.2 Erlang MQTT Broker . 49 3.2.3 Big data storage . 51 3.2.4 Inventory and provision . 51 3.2.5 Rules . 52 3.2.6 Control R Management System . 53 3.3 User interface . 53 4 Development of the WSAN Bridge 56 4.1 Description of the development tools . 57 4.1.1 UZB . 58 4.1.2 ZIPR . 59 4.1.3 C.H.I.P. 60 4.1.4 HP J2611B 10Base-T Hub-16U . 61 4.2 Z/IP Gateway management . 62 4.2.1 Z-Ware . 64 4.2.2 Z/IP Gateway over the ZIPR . 65 4.2.2.1 The ZIPR firmware . 65 4.2.2.2 Controlling the ZIPR . 66 4.2.3 Z/IP Gateway in a Linux machine . 68 4.2.4 Managing Z/IP Gateway . 68 4.3 Generic LAN bridge implementation . 69 4.3.1 Ser2net and Socat . 70 4.3.2 Encrypting the data stream . 71 4.3.3 Final prototype . 73 Table of contents ix 4.3.3.1 Recognizing the Z-Wave dongle . 73 4.3.3.2 Auto-connection script . 74 4.3.3.3 Disconnection script . 75 5 Conclusions 76 5.1 Future work . 77 5.1.1 Better integration of the Slave-GW in the 3ollosR environment . 77 5.1.2 Evolution of the Slave-GW . 78 5.1.2.1 Minimalistic design . 78 5.1.2.2 Fog Computing interpretation . 78 References 79 Appendix A Z-Ware Web Server 83 A.1 Compiling Z-Ware Web Server . 83 A.2 Installing Z-Ware Web Server: . 84 A.3 Starting the service: . 84 A.4 Controlling Z-Ware Web Server: . 84 Appendix B Z/IP Gateway 88 B.1 Compiling and installing Z/IP Gateway: . 88 B.2 Configuring Z/IP Gateway: . 90 B.2.1 Z/IP Gateway configuration file . 90 B.3 Running DTLS between Z/IP Gateway and Z-Ware . 92 Appendix C Implementation of the master-slave WSAN bridge architecture 94 C.1 Socat and Ser2net . 94 C.1.1 Slave-GW . 94 C.1.2 Master-GW . 95 C.2 Final prototype . 96 x Table of contents C.2.1 Generation of the certificates . 96 C.2.1.1 Slave-GW . 96 C.2.1.2 Master-GW . 97 C.2.2 Udev rules . 97 C.2.3 The auto-tunnel establishment . 98 C.2.3.1 Slave-GW . 98 C.2.3.2 Master-GW . 101 List of figures 1.1 The basic Smart Home user scenario . .3 1.2 Proposed scenario . .4 1.3 Design of the stack of protocols . .8 2.1 OpenFog multi-tier deployment . 12 2.2 Basic architecture of a smart transducer . 13 2.3 IEEE 1451 block diagram of the NCAP and TIM interfaces . 15 2.4 IEEE 1451 Family of Standards and Interfaces . 15 2.5 The NCAP standardized implementation . 17 2.6 Timeslot diagram . 19 2.7 Transmission schedule . 20 2.8 PPDU data structure . 21 2.9 AllJoyn software stack in a device . 28 2.10 Overview of the Thread stack . 29 3.1 3ollosR basic scenario . 33 3.2 Authentication process . 34 3.3 Stack conversion in 3ollosR, from an end-point to the back-end . 34 3.4 The 3ollosR structure . 35 3.5 The 3ollosR certified WSAN nodes . 36 3.6 IP video cameras in 3ollosR . ..