!"ì, ã. sa¡ -}lo The Architecture of the Forum of Pompeii By Paul Horrocks Volume I Ph.D. Thesis Presented to the Department of Archítecture of the University of Adelaide June 1998, as Amended February 2000 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SYNOPSIS 8 DECLARATION T2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS t4 l.INTRODUCTION 18 1.1 hvrnooucrroN t9 1.2 ANcrevr Vrsrrons I9 1.3 Trm N¡runp or U¡uvens¡r AncHrscrTiRAL Arsrmucs 2t 1.4 U¡uvsns¡- Ansrmrlcs: AN Anr-Flsroruclr Coucspr 2s 1.5 Tm Pnonlpvr wrnr Nerunal-zATloN 30 1.6 AncmrBcrTJRAL Apsrmrlcs Cs¡Nce 30 1.7 Rrvr'øn¡c ruB ANcmn'r Vlsnon 31 1.8 Norn oN SrvrB 3T 1.9 Coxcr.ustoN 32 2. POMPEIAN WALL PAINTINGS ANI) ARCHITECTURE JJ 2. 1 Tw ENcul-run¡.r¡o ANcmlrr OsspnvEn 34 2.2 AN ANcmvr PolærIeN Ancrrecrunru- Arsrrmrtc 34 2.3 Vrsu¡r Arcs 36 2.4 Corwosso Vnws 39 2.5 Trc CnBerroN or VIsu¡r- A;cs ¿N¡ Cotnæosen Vmws 44 2.6 Corwosno VrBws ¡¡lo UNlveRs¡r Assrrßrrcs . 45 2.7 Vmws rN AncrurecruRE ¡tto Vy'erl P¡rvrnvcs 47 2.8 CorwosBo Vmws eNo PotpBIAN WALL PeT¡rrrNcs 49 2.9 Tw Ex-rr.¡Ncs Vmw rN rm Cesl DELLA C¡.ccn ANTIcA Covpensr Wmr Wal-l ParvrrNcs 49 2.10 Tw Vmw Fnou rm Tnrcnvruu IN Tm C¡s¿' ot Ocr¿r¿rus Quenrro Cotw¡npo wtrH Wel,l PenrnNcs 51 2.71TrnEn-rn¡Ncn Vmw rN rm Casn oI M. Puprus Ru¡us Colæenrn Wmr Werr PuvrrNcs 53 2.I2Tw CoNcrrnwcB BBTwBBN ffi AsovE Vrews ¡wo Vy'¡rl P¿rvrnvcs 54 2.13 AN E>cr,nNertou FoR THE CoNcnuelrcr BnrwBBN Wan P¿,rvrr¡¡cs ¡No CotwosBo Vmws 55 2.14 AncrurscruRAl E>eBnnNcB ru ANcrBvr Potwu 55 2.15 Vrsu¡L Atcs, Cotnæosnt Vmws ¡Np Rotvt¡N Pusl-tc AncgrrscruRE 56 2.16Tlm Ancrurec'ruR¡L F{lsronv oF rm VBspesmmc TBtnpI-e 57 2.17 TwFonu or rm Vpsp¡su¡uc TBt'pI-B 58 2.18 Tm Vlsu¡r Alas nI rm Vsspesl¡Ntc Tpt"pl-s 60 2.79 Tw Colwoseo Vmw nI rm V¡sp¡.sn¡uc TnIøE . 6I J 2.20 Cow¿rusoN wlrll Dowsrtc Prerwruc 62 2.21 Corw¡rusoN oF rm Coræossn VIEw wmr Trmo Srns W¡rr ParvrrNcs 63 2.22 Co¡',ppatsoN oF rrm Corvposen VlEw WITH A Morr ANcm¡rr Pux-rwc 65 2.23 CornæerusoN oF rnr CorwosBn Vmw wrrs Founrs Srvr-B W¿r,r, Pnrvrwcs 66 2.24 Tw R-B-TNTSRpRETATIoN or PolæeI¡N Brn-or¡lcs 67 2.25 Ttæ DesIcl.I oF TIIE Fonuvt on Polæel 69 2.26 CoNcr.usrot¡ 70 3. THE WEDGE SHAPE IN THE PLAN OF THR EUMACHIABUILDING ... 7l 3.1 Tne Euvecrue BunprNc 72 3.2Tw AncnrrBcrun¡r FLsronv oF Tm Euuecrue BunorNlc 73 3.3 Tm R¡coNsrnucrloN oF Tm Euv¡csrn Bunonrc sv MAU 75 3.4 Ormn Srnucrunrs wrrn WBpcp-Srnpeo Pl¿rvs 75 3.5 Tm Supposen IvrnNrtox on Wnocn-SH¡p¡o PI-aNs: Tm Co¡¡ceALNßNr or hsonnrocoNAllTY 78 3.6 Tne Exrn¡¡¡cs Vmw r¡q rm Eururecru¡. Bunor¡¡c . 79 3.7 TwEvrn¡Nc¡ Vnw on rm Euvecrue CotweneD wITI{ Wru-r P¡.n¡'n¡¡cs 80 3.8 Tm Fecere oF rHE Euv¡crul ButlorNc 82 3.9 Tm F¿c¡oB oF Tm EuvncrueBuntIxc Cotwen¡o wtrn Werr Perx'rr¡lcs 83 3.10 Tm Asvmr,ærrucer Vmw Trnoucu rm Euvecru¡ Bunprxc 85 3.11 Corw¡,rusoN oF rm Vmw TrnoucH rm DoonwAY wrrrl Asvlnnmrnrcel- Vmws r¡,r Vy'ALI- P¡rvrrNcs 86 3.l2Tw Two Vrews IN THE Eur¡ecmeBunomc 88 3.13 Co¡¡clusrox 90 4. SYMMETRICAL PLANNING AND THE MACELLT]M 9l 4.1 Svr'nræTRIcAL Pr¡N¡¡rNc nr RoMAN AncurecrunB . 92 4.2T:m Suppossn Er¡ecr or Svt',nr,mrmcer Pm¡nn¡.rc: A Svm,mrrucer Vmw DowN rm A¡cs 93 4.3 Tm Nor.¡-A>anr Vmws Ttnoucu rrn MncBLrur¡ 95 4.4 Tsn Ancsrrpcruur FLsronv oF Tm MecBI-I-rru . 96 4.5 Tm DelmBner¡ CnBnnoN or Asvlunmrmcel, Vmws 98 4.6 Trm CBr.rrn¡r Vrew o¡ rm Doonwnvs Cotnp¡n¡D wITH Sscoun SrnB W¡I-l P¡'r¡rn¡¡cs .98 4.7 Tw CBNrnar Vmw on rm Doonwlvs CoNæeneo wrrH Trm.¡ Srrr.e Wen P¿,r¡¡rrNc 99 4.8 Tm Csrvrn¡r Vmw or rrm Doonwevs Cotw¡nso wlTH Founnr Srnn W¡ll PAnì"m.rcs 100 4.9 Tm Asvm,mrnrc¡r Vrews Trnoucn rræ Doonw¡'vs 101 4.10 Trm Asvrnnærnrc¡r Vmws Trnoucn rm Doonw¡vs Covrpenpo wmr Trmo Srne W¡I-l PerN-rNcs 101 4 4.11 Trm Asvlnwmrrucru- Vmws Trnoucs rrre Doonw.lvs ColænnBn wrrn Founrn Srn e W¡t PenrrrNcs 102 4.12 Mrnnon IN¡¡.ce P¡-ns or Vrsws rN Tnrno Srvr.B Werl Pnr¡¡-rNc r02 4.13 Mmnon Il{acs P¡rns or Vmws rN Founrn Srvre Wnrr- P¡rnrwcs 103 4.14 Svr'nmrRIcAL Pt Æ.rNrNc UsBn ro CnBlrs eN Asvlnmrrucar- Pen op ENrne¡qcB Vmws t04 4.15 CoNcr-usro¡¡ 104 5. SYMMETRICAL PLANNING AND THT', EUMACHIA BUILDING . 106 5.1 Svrwr,mrrucer PleN¡uNG AND Axru Pnrsw¡vs 107 5.2Tm Srtr,nr,mrruclrlv PlemrBo Pomcus oF Tm Euulctu¡ Bunon¡c t12 5.3 Tm Ancrurecrun¡r Fllsronv oF TI{E Euuecrrre Butorxc 113 5.4 Tm Vmw rnolrl rræ En-rn¡NcB tt4 5.5 Tm Vmw molvt rrm E¡rrnANcE CoIræ¡,nBo wrm Wen PervrrNcs t14 5.6 Tm Vmw r"nou rm RB¡n Al,'mul-¡ronv 115 5.7 Tm Vmw rnolrt rm Reen Amweronv Cot',æ¡nso wrtH Wnrr PuNrr¡qcs 115 5.8 NoN-A>a¡r VrewrNc Por¡rrs: THe VIEws FRoM rm EesrBnN Enos op rm AwUIAToRIES rl6 5.9 Tm Two Wmoows 118 5.10 Tm Euruecrue Sr¡.rue 118 5.11 Tne Slos SteruEs IN rm CB¡rrner B¡.v 119 5.12 Tw Torru- Vrew 119 5.13 Cornæ¡nrsoN oF rm Vnws oF TI{E Cunv¡n B¡vs wrm V/er-l P¡rwrrNcs 119 5.14 Cornp¡rusoN oF rm Vmws oF TIIE Euuecru¡. SreruB wrs Wer-l P¡rnrnvcs 121 5.15 CornæmrsoN oF rrn Vmws oF TI{E SIoB SreruBS IN TI{E Cp¡¡-rnn- Bev wmr W¡rr, P¡.rNrrNcs t23 5.16 ColæosITIoN oF TFIE Tor¡r Vrews Colæenrp wrrn Wlrl PervnNcs t25 5.17 Tm OeLteuE Vnw rRotr,t üm FonuM t27 5.18 Trn OsLreuE Vnw mou rm Fonur¿ Colpen¡o wrrn Founnr SryI-B W¡lr P¡rvrrxcs r28 5.19 Tm Vmws IN TTIE Eutvncln Bul-orxc t29 5.20 Tm VIews Do Nor Fonu m¡ A¡o¡r Pnrswlv t29 5.21 CoIvæ¡nrsoN wrrr{ PoLæsIAN HousBs 130 5.22 Cor.roustoN 131 6. THE COLONNADES . r32 6.1 Tm Suppospn U¡¡rrrrNc ¡¡lo CoNcBALING FuNcuoN or' CoI-owNADBS . 1,33 6.2TtæLrcr or Uurrv oF TI{E Pot'æBI¡N Fonuu Coroxxeons t37 6.3 Tm IlrcoNæI-BTENEss oF Tm ANcmvr Colo¡l¡¡¡lps . 138 5 6.4 Tm Drsp¡n¡re Nnrunp oF TFIE Colomq¡¡Es nr rm Tnrm oF Tm EnwrIoN 139 6.5 Tm Fentrne oF TIIE CoI-ouNnoB oF Tm Euuecrne BunnrNc ro CoNcn¡r rm F¡.c¿oe BeHnID r40 6.6 Tm ANcnvr Vmwnn AND TuE CoLox¡¡¡oB oF TIIE Euvecm¿. Bun-onqc r4t 6.7 Vrews or CorolrNADES IN PotnæBt¡N HousBs t4t 6.8 Tm Deprcrrot{ op Cot oUNADES IN W¡n Pnrxrrxcs 142 6.9 Tm FLsronv oF TIIE Cnru.cucuvt oF THE Eur¡acrua Bunonqc t44 6.10 A Vrew op rns CoI-oNNADE oF rm Euvecmn Butlotxc corrp¿nsn wrs wrul Pnr¡¡flwcs 146 6.1I Tm F¡n-unB oF TIIE CoLoñ{ADn oF Træ Mecnnuv ro CoNcB¡r rm Fec¡oe BBru¡ro t47 6.l2Tw AncmrBcrun¡r FLsronv oF rI{E Cuercucuu or' rrm MecBr.r-uvr t49 6. 13 Tm Vmw op rrm Meceln¡u 150 6.14 Coxcr-usrolr ts4 7. THF' FORUM OF POMPEtr . 155 7.1 In-rnooucrToN r56 7.2T:m Forurv or Polpen 157 7.3 Tw INrewrIoNs Benrxp rnB DBsIcN oF TnE Fonuvt 159 7.4Tlm DoIr,nNIertoN oF TÉIE Fonuu BY Tm Tslæle or Juptrnn 160 7.5 Ur.r¡rcertoN Trm.oucu Ax¡ltrv t6l 7.6 UNnnNc Colow¡¡¡oes 165 7.7 Excr,osunB t67 7.8 Ur.urv Trnoucu Gn,lou¡r, AcQutslnoN 168 7.9 Tw VIsw o¡ Ttm TBtwI-s or Juprsn 170 7.10 Tm Crno¡lolocv oF THE TBtwLr op Juprren AND TI{E Fr-eurr¡rc Ancms t7l 7.ll Tw Vmw or rne TBN'PIB on JuptrBn AND TTIE FLeurrNc Ancrms CorwenBn wrru W¡ll P¡rNrrxcs t72 7.l2Tw Colotwnoss oN Etrræn SnB op rne TnN,PI-e t75 7.13 Tm Vnw op rm Fonuu 177 7.l4Tm Crnoxor,ocv oF Trm Moxurmvrs AT THE SoumnnN ENrD or rm Fomrv 178 7.15 Tm CrnoNor-ocv oF TIIE Blcrcnou¡l¡ CorolrNeoes . 179 7.16 Tm Crno¡¡olocv oF rm Mu¡ucpel- Bunonqcs 182 7.17 Twe Vmw or rm SounmnN Mouurnmn-rs oF THE Forurv: Fnsr PrnsB 183 7.18 Tm Vmw op rrm SorrnænN Mowuwvrs oF rHE Fonuv: SBco¡o Puesn 183 7.I9 Tw Vmw or rrm SoumnnN Mou-nnævrs oF Tm Fonuu: Trmo Ps¡se 184 7.20 Covp¡rusoN oF rm Vmw oF Tm SotmmnN E¡ro or rm Fonuu wmr Tnno Srvm Wru,l PlrNrrNcs 185 7.21 Cor'p¡rusoN oF rns Vmw oF TrIE SounnnN EN¡ o¡ rm Foruwr wrrn Founrn Srnn Wnn P¡r¡¡-rnqcs 187 6 7.22Tw TBIære or Juplr¡n DID Nor Dot',txer¡ rm Fonuv t92 7.23 TwNoN-Ax¿,1- Vmws FRoM THE Mtr¡tIcp¡t Bun-orNcs t92 7.24 CotrtntsoN oF rrm Ann¡r.rcernmNT oF THE CoI-uvms OtnsnB næ MuxIcrp¡r Bunnr¡¡cs WITTI Dotnæsrlc Ex¡tnpL¡s 196 7.25 Tt+s Vmws FRoM THE Mu¡ucpar Bunorxcs Cotr,pnnro wmr Trm,o SrvrB'W,qrl P¡rNrr¡¡cs 198 7.