Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 A General Theory of Institutional Change Institutional change is a central driving force behind social changes, and thus a central topic in all major fields of social sciences. Yet, no general theory of institutional change exists. Drawing from a diverse literature, this book develops a general theory of institutional change, based on a social evolutionary synthesis of the conflict approach and the harmony approach. The book argues that because the whole process of institutional change can be understood as a process of selecting a few ideas and turning them into institutions, competition of ideas and struggle for power to make rules are often at the heart of institutional change. The general theory not only integrates more specific theories and insights on insti- tutional change that have been scattered in different fields into a coherent general theory, but also provides fundamental new insights and points to new directions for future research. This book makes a fundamental contribution to all major fields of social sciences: sociology (sociological theory), political sciences, institutional econo- mics, and political theory. It should be of general interest to scholars and students in all major fields of social science. Shiping Tang is Professor at the School of International Relations and Public Affairs (SIRPA), Fudan University, Shanghai, China. He has a very broad research interest and has published widely. His most recent publications include A Theory of Security Strategy for Our Time: Defensive Realism (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), and articles in the European Journal of International Relations, International Studies Review, Journal of Economic Issues, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, and Security Studies. He is now working on another book, Social Evolution of International Politics. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:53 24 May 2016 Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy 1 Interest Rates and Budget Deficits 8 Working in the Macro Economy A study of the advanced economies A study of the US labor market Kanhaya L. Gupta and Bakhtiar Martin F. J. 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