Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 44168-012 Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) May 2013 Nepal: Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development (Financed by the Strategic Climate Fund) Institutional Analysis of Climate Change Risk Management in Key Sectors in Nepal Sectoral Report No. 1 Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. TA – 7984 NEP May, 2013 Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development 1 Main Consultancy Package (44768-012) Institutional Analysis of Climate Change Risk Management in Key Sectors in Nepal: Department of Road (DoR) Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management METCON Consultants APTEC Consulting Prepared for Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Nepal Environment Natural Resources and Agriculture Department, South Asia Department, Asian Development Bank Version B MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | Institutional Analysis of Climate Change Risk Management in Key Sectors in Nepal: Department of Road (DoR) ABBREVIATIONS AADT : Average Annual Daily Traffic ADB : Asian Development Bank CC : Climate Change DDC : District Development Committee DoLIDAR : Department of Local Infrastructure and Agricultural Roads DoR : Department of Roads DR : District Roads EIA : Environment Impact Assessment ESMF : Environmental and Social management Frameworks FR : Feeder Roads HMIS : Highway Management Infromation System HRD : Human Resource Development IEE : Initial Environment Evaluation MOLD : Ministry of Local Development MoPPW : Ministry of Physical Planning and Works MRM : Mahendra Raj Marga NH : National Highways NMRM : Naubise Mugling Raj Marga NSET : Nepal Society for Earthquake Engineering PRM : Prithvi Raj Marga PWD : Public Works Department RTO : Road Transport Organization SDE : Senior Divisional Engineer SED : Strengthened Equipment Division SRN : Strategic Road Network TRP :Tribhuban Rajpath UNDP : United Nations Development Project UR : Urban Roads VCDPF : Vulnerable Community Development Policy Framework VDC : Village Development Committee vpd : Vehicle per Day VR : Village Roads ii MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | Institutional Analysis of Climate Change Risk Management in Key Sectors in Nepal: Department of Road (DoR) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................... II 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 2 LEGISLATION AND POLICIES ............................................................................................. 2 3 STRATEGIES AND PLANS .................................................................................................. 4 4 DESIGN STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES ............................................................................. 8 5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE (ORGANOGRAMS) .......................................................... 11 6 TOOLS AND PROCEDURES – E.G. EIA AND SPATIAL PLANNING ........................................ 12 7 OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES ................................................................... 16 8 STAFFING ...................................................................................................................... 18 9 GAPS AND CHALLENGES ................................................................................................. 19 10 SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 19 11 STATUS OF MAINSTREAMING OF CC IN INFRASTRUCTURES ............................................ 21 12 POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVEMENT ON CC MAINSTREAMING ............................................... 21 13 INFRASTRUCTURE INVENTORY ....................................................................................... 24 13.1 Main categories of infrastructure ............................................................................. 24 13.2 Priority Assets and Planned infrastructure ............................................................... 24 13.3 Geographic Spread .................................................................................................... 24 13.4 Past Experience with Hazards ................................................................................... 25 13.5 Past Extreme Events in Road Sector ......................................................................... 26 ANNEXES……………………………………………………………………………………………………30 ANNEX I: ORGANIZATION, CHARTS OF DEPARTMENT OF ROADS……………………………………………..….31 ANNEX II: SWOT ANALYSIS OF DOR……………………………………………………………………………………………..32 ANNEX III: LIST OF ROADS AND BRIDGES……………………………………………………………………………………..38 ANNEX IV: DISASTER EVENTS………………………………………………………………………………….……………………62 iii MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | Institutional Analysis of Climate Change Risk Management in Key Sectors in Nepal: Department of Road (DoR) 1 INTRODUCTION Development of roads in Nepal got momentum after the democracy in 1951. In the early periods, roads were constructed by different government agencies such as Public Works Department (PWD), Road Transport Organization (RTO) etc. In order to develop the road networks in a planned way, Government of Nepal (GoN) established Department of Roads (DoR) in 1970. DoR was responsible for planning, construction and maintenance of all type of roads until the establishment of Department of Local Infrastructure and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR) in 2001. After 2001, DoR is made responsible for SRN only. In spite of GoN's high priority in road sector, Nepal's road network is one of the least developed among the SAARC countries. This is one of the main reasons for poor growth of other sectors such as industry, agriculture, hydropower etc. The poor road network is also hindering the effective and oprehesie partiipatio of rural populatio i the outry’s eooi groth proess. Beside poor network, the condition of existing roads is also far from satisfactory due to lack of timely maintenance and rehabilitation. GoN classified the roads in five categories and published in Road Classifications (Second Revision), 2050 in 1992. Brief description of all road all five categories is presented below: I. National Highways (NH): National Highways are the main highways connecting East to West, North to South and those joining the main north-south valleys of the Nation. The roads connecting NH to Regional Headquarters are also classified as National Highways. These roads (NH) are the main arterial routes passing through the length and breadth of the country as a whole. II. Feeder Roads (FR): Feeder Roads important roads of a more localized nature than NH. FRs are of secondary nature in the hierarchy of the road network. FHs are further classified into FR (major) and FR (minor). The FR (Major) / comprise: Major links (i.e. with AADT of over 100 veh/day) between National Highways (NH); Roads linking District Headquarters/Zonal Headquarters to the NH: Links from NH to the major places of industry, tourism, public utilities and power generation e.g. hydropower etc. The FR (Minor) comprise: Links from FR (major) to places of industry, tourism, public utilities and power generation e.g. hydropower etc. Links from Urban Roads (UR) to the major places of industry, tourism, public utilities and power generation e.g. hydropower etc. 1 MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | Institutional Analysis of Climate Change Risk Management in Key Sectors in Nepal: Department of Road (DoR) III. District Roads (DR): District Roads are defined as those roads within the district which serve primarily by providing access to abutting land carrying little or no through movement. These roads give access to one or more villages to the nearest market or higher classes of roads. IV. Urban Road (UR): Urban Roads are those roads which will be located within the limit of municipality boundary, except for the above classes, passing through the city. These roads provide access to abutting residential, business, and industrial places within the municipalities. V. Village Roads (VR): Village Roads include short non-through roads linking single vellages directly to the District Roads. For effective management of road network in the country and to make the best use of available resources, GoN/DoR further classified the roads in four classes on the basis of functional and administrative importance as defined below. (a) The Strategic Road Network (SRN) - comprising NH and FRs. (b) The District Transport Network- comprising District Roads, Main Tracks and Main Trails. (c) The Urban Road Network – comprising all non-strategic within the municipal boundaries. (d) The Village Transport Network – includes short non-through roads, tracks and local trails linking single villages to the District Transport Network. Roads under NH and FR are also classified as Strategic Road Network (SRN). Roads in this network are the main responsibility of the Department of Roads (DoR). Similarly, district roads