International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2016; 4(3): 604-610 ISSN: 2347-5129 (ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62 (GIF) Impact Factor: 0.352 Comparative study of ichthyofaunal diversity of sip and IJFAS 2016; 4(3): 604-610 © 2016 IJFAS Jamner Rivers: A tributary of river Narmada (Central India) www.fisheriesjournal.com Received: 26-03-2016 Accepted: 27-04-2016 Kripal Singh Vishwakarma and Vipin Vyas Kripal Singh Vishwakarma Abstract Department of Environmental River consist of a complex mixture of distinctive habitats, which make it among the most productive and Sciences & Limnology, valuable ecosystem on earth. The Sip and Jamner rivers are the tributaries of the Narmada basin, which Barkatullah University, Bhopal, afford a lucrative field of ichthyological importance. River with its tributaries is a unique type of India. ecosystem which generally covers different types of climatic zones, landscapes and biogeographically regions. River is the natural drainage system of the land mass of the earth which move continuously. The Vipin Vyas findings from the study will benefit the planning and management of fish community structure and Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal- conservation of natural resources at national level. During the present investigation, rich ichthyofaunal 462026, India. diversity was observed in the Sip and Jamner tributary of River Narmada represented by 52 fish species, 34 genera, 12 families and 6 orders. The Cyprinidae family is dominant group. Keywords: River Narmada, Conservation, Fish diversity, Ecosystem 1. Introduction Water is a basic need of all living organisms on the earth. Lakes, Rivers and Reservoirs are most important water resource and used for several purposes. River Narmada is one of the most important natural sources of water and important ecological diversity in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Rich biodiversity of fishes present in Narmada River, therefore fishing commonly practiced in the river is responsible for the livelihood for a large number of fishermen families living in the vicinity of the river. Riverside capture of fisheries in The Narmada region is a very important source of household welfare for many of rural poor, particularly for providing nutrition (specially the much need protein), income and employment. Fish constitute almost half of the total number of vertebrates in the world 21,723 living species of fish out of 39,900 species of vertebrates are so for recorded [13]. In India, there are about [11] 2,500 species of fishes, of which 930 freshwater and 1,570 marine, are estimated . Fishes have been found to exhibit enormous diversity in their morphology, habitat and their biology. They live in almost all conceivable aquatic habitats. India is one of the mega biodiversity countries in the world and occupying ninth position in terms of freshwater biodiversity. A clear manifestation of the most well known global diversity gradient, namely species diversity increases with latitude. Narmada River has been extensively studied for its fish fauna for the past seven decade by various workers. A few recent works on different aspects of fish diversity were also confined main stream in central part of Narmada [27]. Very first record of fish diversity of Narmada was on hill stream of Satpura ranges [9]. Later Tawa and Barna tributaries were dammed to form reservoir and studies were done on these reservoirs. 52 species belonging to 28 Genera, 13 Families and 7 [26] Orders was recorded in main tributaries of central Narmada . Recently few studies on fish diversity was carried in Sip and Jamner rivers, 29 species belonging to 17 Genera, 8 Families and 3 Orders was documented in Sip River a tributary of River Narmada [24], While Jamner River recorded 27 species belonging to 4 order, 9 families and 16 genera [25]. The comparative Correspondence study of Sip and Jamner River was also carried out which documented 34 species belonging to [23] Kripal Singh Vishwakarma 17 Genera, 8 Families and 3 Orders . Documented 57 species, belonging to 35 genera, 13 Department of Environmental families and 6 orders from Middle Stretch of River Tawa [5]. The Barna Stream Network in Sciences & Limnology, Narmada basin reported 33 fish species belonging to 5 orders, 9 families and 21 genera [22]. Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India. ~ 604 ~ International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies Therefore, our objective in this study was to provide accounts mercury thermometer, pH, conductivity and Turbidity were of the fish diversity and species composition in Sip and recorded through digital equipment and dissolved oxygen was Jamner River. The information from this investigation will analyzed use Modified Winkler’s Method. The study was serve as a baseline data for carrying out further study on carried out in May 2011 and April 2013. ecology, conservation, sustainability and management of The fishes were collected using monofilamentos gill nets of fisheries resources of these water bodies. 10-50 mm mesh sizes. We also used cast nets of 10-25 mm mesh size for collecting fish in shallow areas. Fish samples 2. Material and Methods were also collected from different fish landing sites and were 2.1 Study area preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution at the field. River Narmada is one of the 13 prominent rivers of India, which covers 98,797 sq km of total watershed area. Narmada 3.2 Laboratory Procedures: Fishes brought to laboratory is considered to be the lifeline and west flowing river of the were preserved in 10% formaldehyde solution in separate state of Madhya Pradesh. The Narmada is the longest west specimen jar according to the size of specimen. The fishes flowing river in India. It rises from a spring at a height of were identified using standard keys of [10, 16, 12, 7, 18], and [19]. 1057m above MSL on the summit of Amarkantak Hill in Fish Base website was also referred for various aspects of fish Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh in the Maikal hill range. fauna (www.fishbase.org). The relative species abundance Narmada receives 41 principal tributaries. Most of these which refers to the relative representative of a species was tributaries have catchment area exceeding 500 km2 out of determined by dividing the number of species (n) from which 22 tributaries join from the left bank and 19 from the tributaries by the total number of species (N) from all right bank. The study area comprised two major, right bank tributaries. The abundance was described using a subjective tributaries of river Narmada namely Sip and Jamner. The Sip acronym (ACFOR): (A) abundance or (C) common or (F) river originates from near Village Ramdasi of Ichhawar Tehsil frequent or (O) occasional or (R) rare within the stations. in Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh, (Longitude 770 11’- 760 The faunal similarities at different sites based on nominal 56’ E & latitude 220 34’-220 54’N) at an elevation of above data, were analyzed using indices of Jackson. The relative 432 M msl and joins river Narmada near village Satdev of abundance of taxa that were common among the tributaries Narsurlaganj Tehsil in Sehore district a total length of Sip was calculated using Renkonen similarity. Simpson index (d) River about 68 km. The Jamner River originates near Village was employed to evaluate species richness. The Shannon- Dolatpur of Ichhawar Tehsil in Sehore district of Madhya Weiner indeed (H) and evenness index (E) of Shannon and Pradesh (Longitude 76058’- 76059’E and latitude 22045’- Weiner were used to evaluate species diversity. 22029’ N) at an elevation above 354 msl and total length of about 56 km. The Jamner river is also tributary of river 4. Results and Discussion Narmada and Joins in Village Nemawar, Dewas district 4.1 Diversity and Composition Madhya Pradesh. During the present investigation, rich ichthyofaunal diversity Fish sampling was conducted at ten selected locations in the has been observed in the Sip and Jamner tributaries of River River Sip & Jamner, six sites located in a river Sip Narmada represented by 52 fish species, 34 genera, 12 (Kaliyadev, Ambha Kadim, Jhirniya, Chhapri, Pandagaon, families and 6 orders. The Cyprinidae family is dominant and Confluence Point of Sip– Narmada River) and four sites group and sub dominant family is Cobitidae. Out of which is located in Jamner river (Harngaon, Jeeyagaon, Sindalpur maximum 46 species were documented in winter season, 43 Briz, Confluence Point of Janment– Narmada River). species in pre monsoon and 41 species in summer season and 38 species were documented in post monsoon season. The Table 1: Geographic position of sampling stations in Sip and Jamner most dominant family was cyprinidae, accounting for 29 River. species in pre monsoon season, 27 species were recorded in Station No. Location Longitude Latitude Elevation summer, post monsoon and winter season followed by family Sip River Cobitidae which was represented by 3 species in the summer, Station - 1 Kaliyadev 77°05'40"E 22°54'13"N 491msl one species in pre monsoon, 2 species in post monsoon and 3 Station - 2 Ambhakadim 77°11'27"E 22°47'38"N 366msl species in the winter season, family Bagridae was represented Station - 3 Jhirniya 77°11'21"E 22°47'19"N 335msl by 4 species in pre monsoon, 3 species in winter, 2 species in Station - 4 Chhapri 77°10'28"E 22°45'47"N 331msl post monsoon and one species in summer season. The family Station - 5 Pandagaon 77°11'27"E 22°38'29"N 307msl Heteropneustidae contributed in one species in all season. The Confluence Station - 6 77°11'01"E 22°35'01"N 305msl Siluridae family was contributed 2 species in pre monsoon Point and winter season and one species in summer and post Jamner River monsoon season. The family Ophiocephalidae was Station - 7 Harangaon 76°58'11"E 22°44'58"N 354msl contributed 2 species in post monsoon and winter season and Station - 8 Jeeyagaon 76°58'00"E 22°40'25"N 345msl one species in summer and pre monsoon season.