Field Guide to Sponges of the Eastern Canadian Arctic. A field and laboratory identification guide Ver. 1.0 Curtis Dinn & Sally P. Leys Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB, T6G 2E9 2 Preface It is essential to employ microscopy to identify sponges. Failure to assess the spicule complement of a specimen can lead to the misidentification of species that are often cryptic. Do not rely on gross morphology alone to assign lower taxonomic rankings as sponge body form may vary even within a species. This guide is a working document. The identifications and descriptions were made to the best of the ability of the authors, using both morphology and molecular analyses. The information herein should therefore be considered provisional and may be subject to correction. 3 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Using this guide .............................................................................................................................. 8 Methods........................................................................................................................................... 9 Spicule forms ................................................................................................................................ 10 Sponge species described from collections in the Eastern Canadian Arctic on ship cruises in 2015-2017 ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Sponge identification resources used ............................................................................................ 18 Species collected as part of the ArcticNet HiBIO project 2015-2017 .......................................... 19 Axinella arctica (Vosmaer, 1885) ...................................................................................................... 22 Janulum spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) ................................................................................................ 24 Haliclona (Flagellia) porosa (Fristedt, 1887) ...................................................................................... 27 Haliclona (Reniera) sp. 1 Schmidt, 1862 ............................................................................................ 28 Haliclona (Reniera) sp. 2 Schmidt, 1862 ............................................................................................ 29 Haliclona (Haliclona) urceolus (Rathke & Vahl, 1806) ....................................................................... 30 Iophon piceum (Vosmaer, 1882) ....................................................................................................... 32 Iophon cf. nigricans (Bowerbank, 1858) ............................................................................................ 33 Cladorhiza oxeata Lundbeck, 1905 ................................................................................................... 35 Lycopodina lycopodium (Levinsen, 1887) .......................................................................................... 36 Lycopodina cupressiformis (Carter, 1874) .......................................................................................... 37 Lycopodina sp. 1 Lundbeck, 1905 ..................................................................................................... 38 Lycopodina sp. 2 Lundbeck, 1905 ..................................................................................................... 39 Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) grandis (Verrill, 1879) ...................................................................... 40 Crella (Yvesia) pyrula (Carter, 1876) ................................................................................................. 42 4 Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) complicata (Hansen, 1885) ................................................................. 43 Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) lundbecki Topsent, 1913 ..................................................................... 45 Lissodendoryx sp. Topsent, 1892 ....................................................................................................... 46 Forcepia (Forcepia) fabricans (Schmidt, 1874) .................................................................................. 47 Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) paupertas (Bowerbank, 1866) ................................................................. 48 Hymedesmia sp. Bowerbank, 1864 .................................................................................................... 49 Phorbas sp. Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ..................................................................................... 50 Phorbas microchelifer (Cabioch, 1968) .............................................................................................. 52 Plocamionida ambigua (Bowerbank, 1866) ....................................................................................... 54 Plocamionida sp. Topsent, 1927 ........................................................................................................ 55 Iotroata affinis (Lundbeck, 1905) ...................................................................................................... 56 Antho (Acarnia) signata (Topsent, 1904) ............................................................................................ 58 Mycale (Anomomycale) titubans (Schmidt, 1870) ............................................................................... 59 Mycale lingua (Bowerbank, 1866) ..................................................................................................... 61 Melonanchora elliptica Carter, 1874 .................................................................................................. 63 Tedania (Tedania) suctoria (Schmidt, 1870)....................................................................................... 64 Polymastia uberrima (Schmidt, 1870) ............................................................................................... 65 Polymastia thielei Koltun, 1964 ......................................................................................................... 66 Polymastia grimaldii (Topsent, 1913) ................................................................................................ 67 Polymastia andrica de Laubenfels, 1949 ............................................................................................ 68 Tentorium semisuberites (Schmidt, 1870) ........................................................................................... 69 Spinularia cf. sarsii (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) ...................................................................................... 70 Quasillina brevis (Bowerbank, 1861) ................................................................................................. 71 Plicatellopsis sp. Burton, 1932 (W. Greenland shelf morph) ................................................................ 72 5 Plicatellopsis sp. Burton, 1932 (Pond Inlet Morph) ............................................................................. 74 Pseudosuberites sp. Topsent, 1896 .................................................................................................... 75 Halichondria (Eumastia) sitiens (Schmidt, 1870) ................................................................................ 76 Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766) ........................................................................... 77 Halichondria sp. Fleming, 1828 ........................................................................................................ 78 Hymeniacidon sp. Bowerbank, 1858.................................................................................................. 79 Tethya cf. norvegica Bowerbank, 1872 .............................................................................................. 80 Geodia barretti Bowerbank, 1858 ..................................................................................................... 81 Geodia macandrewii Bowerbank, 1858 ............................................................................................. 82 Thenea cf. muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) ............................................................................................ 83 Thenea sp. 1 Gray, 1867 ................................................................................................................... 84 Craniella cf. polyura (Schmidt, 1870) ................................................................................................ 87 Craniella cf. cranium (Müller, 1776) ................................................................................................. 88 Craniella sp. Schmidt, 1870 .............................................................................................................. 89 Sycon cf. lambei Dendy & Row, 1913 ............................................................................................... 90 Sycon sp.1 Risso, 1827 ..................................................................................................................... 91 Calcarea unknown ........................................................................................................................... 92 Asconema spp. Kent, 1870 ...............................................................................................................