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AIR AIR MARITIME BATTLEFIELD DOMINANCE DEFENCE SUPERIORITY ENGAGEMENT www.mbda-systems.com MEADS_V2_210x297_uk.indd 1 20/09/2016 16:05 Editorial Turkish-Russian Rapprochement A military coup in a NATO member state For Erdoğan, getting closer to Russia is im- should have been a major wake-up call for portant: with the political crisis having major the Alliance. But, at least as far as the public economic repercussions on his country, he are concerned, the people who run NATO needs good news. As far back as June 2016, appear to be extraordinarily blasé about the when Erdoğan apologised for shooting whole affair. True, the governments of all down a Russian warplane, Putin lifted the the NATO member states did condemn the widespread sanctions against Turkish agri- coup, clearly and without reservation, but cultural products. Now Putin and Erdoğan special demonstrations of solidarity, such as also want to revive the TurkStream pipeline were forthcoming in response to the terror project and push ahead with the construc- attacks in France or Belgium, seem markedly tion of a nuclear facility in Turkey. lacking when it came to Turkey’s President The government in Ankara is also hoping Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. that Russian holidaymakers will start com- The fact that this reaction was regarded in ing back in large numbers to the Turkish Turkey as “strange” should have been obvi- holiday resorts. Collateral damage outside ous on reflection. But President Erdoğan, the political sphere does not bother the with his campaign of mass arrests directed Turkish president much, with regard to his against the judiciary, the press, the armed pact with Russia; it can even be turned to forces, the universities, and the schools, his advantage. Erdoğan knows that NATO immediately after the coup failed, has trig- is very concerned about the new direction gered considerable mistrust among the being pursued by its Turkish partner in the western states. Alliance. In the hours after the attempted coup, Rus- Recently, at the NATO 2016 Warsaw Sum- sia’s President Putin was the first foreign mit, the Alliance described Russia and its head of state to declare his solidarity with aggressive president as one of the greatest Erdoğan and condemn the instigators. At the challenges for security policy to address. time it was still planned that Erdoğan and The fact that a NATO member is now co- Putin should personally shake hands for the operating with Moscow is something the first time at the G-20 Summit. The fact that partners cannot afford to simply shrug off. they have met earlier suggests that for both The Alliance has to be aware that prolonged of them a closer relationship cannot come dissent with Turkey could, among other fast enough. The Turkish president wants to things, weaken NATO‘s deterrent measures get close to Russia. Instead of the West, his against Russia in Eastern Europe, because orientation is literally to the East, and NATO Turkey plays an important part in this, be- does not like it. And, for the moment at least, ing able to exert military pressure on Russia there’s not a lot NATO can do about it. from the south. As well as these geographi- For NATO there is a lot at risk through the cal aspects, and the enormous military re- confusing attitude being adopted by Turkey. sources at its disposal, Turkey is also impor- As a kind of outpost, directly on the fault line tant to NATO with regard to manoeuvres in with the Middle East, the country is of enor- the Black Sea and the Aegean, and in the mous geopolitical significance. The USA is fight against the so-called Islamic State. also concerned that if relations with Erdoğan However, Turkey watchers doubt that there deteriorate further they might have to give is going to be a new Turkish-Russian military up the important Air Force base at Incirlik, alliance. Turkey profits from the security from which international coalition airstrikes umbrella offered by NATO, and also from are launched against ISIS formations in Syria NATO’s support in its struggles against and Iraq. This means that President Erdoğan Kurdish PKK separatists and IS terrorists; and is unlikely to be faced with direct criticism with regard to safeguarding its borders the from NATO headquarters. Externally the country is heavily reliant on the USA. On the reaction is still reticent. Internally, the main other hand, Turkey wants to establish itself NATO states have agreed not to use the Alli- as a central power in the Middle East, and ance for sideswiping Erdoğan and his purges therefore wants to occupy a position be- after the coup, in order not to prejudice the tween the blocs and the major powers, so existing co-operation. It looks as if here too as to be able to promote its own interests. President Erdoğan has the better leverage. Henning Bartels October 2016 · European Security & Defence 1 Content British Naval Construction COUNTRY FOCUS: NORWAY Image: BAE Systems • Security Policy The UK’s naval industry remains one of Europe’s • Armed Forces largest. Important procurement decisions are now • Procurement being taken that will shape its future for the next • Defence Industry Pages 23-39 decade and more. Page 48 SECURITY POLICY 44 PXR BALTOPS 2016 – Expanding in Numbers and Reach 10 The Enhanced Role of Frontex Georg Mader Interview with Berndt Koerner, Deputy Executive Director of Frontex 47 “The modernisation of the Navy is achieved with the involvement of the domestic industry 14 Perspectives for Ukraine’s Long-Term Security and partner nations.” Iryna Solonenko Interview with Rear Admiral Predrag Stipanović, 19 Israeli-Turkish Relations: Coming Together but Chief of the Croatian Navy Going Alone ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY Eugene Kogan 22 NATO Summit 2016 and the Issue of Missile Defence 48 British Naval Construction Debalina Ghoshal Current Programmes and Future Prospects Conrad Waters COUNTRY FOCUS: NORWAY 53 Multi-Role Combat Ship Class 180 First Experiences with the Competitive Contract Norwegian Defence Policy and Role in NATO 23 Award Procedure Bjørn Domaas Josefsen Rudolf Braun The Need to Reform and Strengthen the 26 56 The Italian Navy’s New PPA and LSS Norwegian Armed Forces Luca Peruzzi Admiral Haakon Bruun-Hanssen 63 AEGIR Type Support Vessels 31 “The annual budget for defence materiel A Cost-Effective Response to Modern Naval Logistics investments is approximately NOK 13 billion.” Support Requirements Interview with NDMA’s Investment Director, Conrad Waters Major General Dag Hugo Stølan 67 Technology Application Plus Common Sense 35 Capabilities Made in Norway Combat Multiplication Possibilities for the Infantry Norwegian Defence Industry Supplies World-Class Defence David Saw Equipment to Armed Forces Around the World 72 Joint Light Tactical Vehicle – Deliveries Begin Torbjørn Svensgård Sidney E. Dean ARMED FORCES INDUSTRY & MARKETS 40 “In the future, we have to manage and 74 Weapons and Sensor Concepts for Surface understand a sea of data.” Combatants Interview with NATO’s Assistant Secretary General for Responding to an Uncertain Future Defence Investment, Mr Patrick Auroy Bob Nugent 43 “The acquisition of new combat vessels plays a 79 Supporting French Defence Exports critical part in maintaining the Navy’s capability.” Tasks and Measures of the Direction Générale de Interview with Commodore Timo Hirvonen, l’Armement (DGA) Chief of Staff, Finnish Navy David Saw 2 European Security & Defence · October 2016 Index of Advertisers ADIPEC 71 VIEWPOINT FROM … C5 55 Berlin: 18 DNV GL SE 37 2016 White Paper on German Security Policy and the Future of the Bundeswehr Enforce Tac 3 Wolfgang Labuhn ESG Elektroniksystem-und Logistik-GmbH 25 Fr. Lürssen Werft GmbH & Co. KG 12 Future Forces Forum 11 General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. 4th cover General Dynamics European Land Systems 33 COLUMNS IDEAS 5 1 Editorial ISDEF 17 65 4 Periscope I/ITSEC 46 Kongsberg Defence Systems 39 81 Masthead MBDA 2nd cover Firms & Faces 82 NAVDEX 3rd cover 84 Preview Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles 68 Shield Africa 7 Schiffahrts-Verlag “Hansa” GmbH & Co. KG 59 secunet Security Networks AG 41 ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH 27 ET17_210x150_INT_EN_European_Security_Defense_BES.indd 1 01.09.16 09:44 Periscope Armed BLACK HAWK Gunnery Simulators for SWITCH. “The number of vendors provid- (df) Two systems presented by Lockheed the German Armed Forces ing such a technology is very limited. Flow- Martin during MSPO were of high inter- (jh) The Federal German Office of Bun- mon Networks is an experienced vendor of est: the F-35 cockpit demonstrator and deswehr Equipment, Information Technol- network monitoring solutions and its Probe the armed BLACK HAWK battle support ogy and In-Service Support (BAAINBw) has provides us with superb performance and helicopter. This armed version of Sikorsky’s awarded Thales Deutschland a contract for reliability.” Flowmon Probes are high-per- the modernisation of all hand weapon/ formance devices that monitor network anti-tank weapon gunnery simulators of the AGSHP series (Ausbildungsgerät Schießsimulator Handwaffen/Panzer- abwehrhandwaffen).