IN MICROWAVES AND LEARN We Are Qorvo® Core RF Solutions Your Smart Partner for the World’s Toughest RF Challenges Qorvo brings unique expertise in core RF to 5G and Wi-Fi networks, the IoT and other emerging applications that connect people, places and things. Qorvo technology and products enable global connections with more data capacity and always-on reliability. Whether for mobile devices, communications infrastructure or defense systems, Qorvo has the design, manufacturing, applications engineering and global resources to serve the world’s leading customers. Key Automotive | 4G and 5G Cellular Networks | CATV Networks | Customer Premise Equipment (Wi-Fi Applications Access Points and Smart Meters) | Data Storage | Defense & Aerospace | Gateways/Set-Top Boxes | Intelligent Motor Control | IoT (Internet of Things) | Mobile Devices | NB-IoT | Radar | Satellites Key Amplifiers | Analog/Mixed-signal Power Solutions | Antenna Control Solutions | Communication Products SoCs (Systems on a Chip) | Control Products | Discrete Components | Filters & Duplexers | Frequency Converters | Integrated Modules | Mobile Wi-Fi Solutions | Multiplexers | Oscillators | RF FusionTM and RF FlexTM Solutions | RF MEMS | Switches | Ultra-wideband (UWB) Solutions Our robust technology portfolio enables Qorvo to best deliver a variety of integrated modules. Qorvo’s Brand Promise Innovation Product Leadership Speed Scale 30-plus years pioneering Design and build high-value Trusted supplier Support large customers the advanced solutions RF solutions to stringent solving customers’ toughest with high-volume of tomorrow customer demands RF challenges quickly manufacturing expertise www.qorvo.com ARE YOU WORKING WITH THE LEADER IN AEROSPACE AND DEFENSE? Qorvo Connects, Protects and Powers™ the Systems All Around You® Space qualified, IN highest level of reliability N O V A T Demonstrated MTTF reliability with IO N 200°C/107 hrs Over 9 million GaN products shipped to date S C A L E #1 GaN-on-SiC supplier in defense since 1998 P R O D U 4 GaN process nodes at MRL 10 C T L E using USAF MRA tool A D E R S H I P Broadest portfolio range 20 MHz~100 GHz Freq. Range PAE Gain Part Qorvo offers the industry’s broadest Description (GHz) (%) (dB) Number GaN-on-SiC and GaAs product portfolios. Qorvo is proud to be the GaN PA (10W) 2-20 22 19 QPA2962 only GaN supplier to achieve a GaN PA (150W) 2.9-3.5 58 28 QPA3070 Manufacturing Readiness Level 10 GaN PA (100W) 5-6 47 22 QPA2309 (MRL10) rating from the DoD. GaAs LNA 6-18 – 27 CMD328K3 GaAs Dist Amp DC-40 – 10.5 CMD242K4 T/R Integrated FEM (10W) 8-12 32 25 (Rx) QPF5010 22 (Tx) Join us at Qorvo.com/design-hub to explore: Blogs | Videos | e-Books | Design tools | Tech docs © 11-2020 Qorvo US, Inc. | QORVO, ALL AROUND YOU, RF FLEX, RF FUSION, and CONNECTS, PROTECTS AND POWERS are trademarks of Qorvo US, Inc. 2021 LEADERS IN MICROWAVES IN THIS ISSUE 5 A High-Efficiency 65-W WPT System for 5G FWA Applications The very high frequency of 5G excels at transporting large quantities of data fast, but the signal doesn’t go through walls. A gallium- nitride-based power system tackles this problem with both signal and power transferred through a wall. 13 Not an Afterthought: Why Test is Critical in RF System Development Demystifying the relationship between RF system design and test can go a long way toward successful product development. 17 The Future of RF and Microwave Connectors Connector technology, born in the 1930s, must grow in capabilities and applications while shedding size and weight. Manufacturers that succeed in this market will be those looking beyond off-the-shelf offerings for innovative solutions. 24 Life During the Pandemic: How Are You Connected? &WTKPIVJKUWPRTGEGFGPVGFFKUTWRVKQP4(VGEJPQNQI[KUJGNRKPIWUƂPFCYC[VJTQWIJVJGRCPFGOKE9KTGNGUU communications enable us to work even as we stay socially distant. 29 TCXO Stability is More Than Just a Number 6JGTGoUOQTGVQUGNGEVKPIC6%:1VJCPKVUFCVCUJGGVURGEKƂECVKQPHQTHTGSWGPE[QXGTVGORGTCVWTGUVCDKNKV[/CP[QVJGT factors contributing to the device’s overall stability must be considered when assessing its impact on system performance. 36 11 Myths About Vehicular IoT Vehicular IoT design transforms a wide range of vehicles in transportation systems into wireless communications hubs. 40 Multimeter Measurements Explained Multimeters are one of the most fundamental pieces of test equipment in any lab, but they can often do much more than we realize. Let’s take a look at the variety of measurements a standard multimeter can make. 44 Establishing Trust in Cybersecurity for Embedded Systems 'UVCDNKUJKPICFGUKIPoUUGEWTKV[RTQVQEQNUJCXGDGEQOGCOCLQTRCTVQHFGXKEGFGXGNQROGPVGXCNWCVKQPCPFSWCNKƂECVKQP 49 Choosing RF Switches for High-Power Applications Signal switching is critical in many RF applications, so it’s important for users to select the correct type of switch for their high-power apps. 53 How to Choose an Electric Load 9JCVVJKPIUFQYGPGGFVQEQPUKFGTDGHQTGRWTEJCUKPICPGNGEVTQPKENQCF!9GFKUEWUUYJCVGNGEVTQPKENQCFUCTGYJCV RQKPVUVQEQPUKFGTDGHQTGRWTEJCUKPICPFYJ[TGCFKPIVJGURGEKƂECVKQPULWUVKUPoVIQQFGPQWIJ 61 Cost-Effective RF Analysis in the 5G mmWave Bands Become acquainted with one of the most economical and cost-effective methods to extend the performance of existing 4(GSWKROGPVVQ)HTGSWGPEKGURTGUGTXKPIUKIPKƂECPVGCTNKGTKPXGUVOGPVUKP4(CPCN[UKUGSWKROGPV 68 Lens Antennas Deliver More Cellular Capacity to Venues at a Lower Cost Lens antennas have arrived to provide venue owners and operators a solution offering better mobile connectivity that’s easier to deploy and less expensive. 72 2020 Salary & Career Report: Engineering Salaries Here’s an overview of the state of salaries and overall compensation in engineering, as revealed by responses to our 2020 Salary & Career Report survey. 81 IoT Device Security: The Startling Disconnect Between Executives and Managers A June 2020 survey highlights the need for a cohesive security policy with threats on the rise. 84 Enabling 5G Small Cells with Efficient Power Solutions Millions of 5G small cells are what make a 5G network tick. Companies have started developing 5G small-cell systems VQGPCDNGVJKUPGYUVCPFCTFCPFVJQUGU[UVGOUYKNNPGGFGHƂEKGPVRQYGTUWRRNKGU 87 Comparing Load-Pull Testing Methods .QCFRWNNVGUVKPIRTKOCTKN[WUGFKPCORNKƂGTVGUVKPIEQOGUKPXCTKQWUƃCXQTU6JKUCTVKENGEQORCTGUCPFEQPVTCUVUVJG different approaches. NEWS & COLUMNS follow us @MicrowavesRF 4 88 EDITORIAL ADVERTISERS INDEX become a fan at facebook.com/microwavesRF 2 MICROWAVES & RF ECONOMICAL APPROACH TO EXTEND EXISTING RF EQUIPMENT TO 5G mmWave As new and innovative technologies for wireless communications continue to emerge and push into mmWave 5G bands, you must be able to adapt and enhance the lifetime of your existing RF systems to meet these new bands in an agile manner, while managing ever-tighter resources and budgets. Now, you can retain existing field, lab, and manufacturing test equipment, extend the life of your investment, and reduce time to market and costs when measuring 5G mmWave signals. thinkRF D4000 (24 - 40 GHz) RF Downconverter/Tuner 500 MHz Real-Time Bandwidth BUILT-IN PRE-SELECT SINGLE COMPACT LIGHT Local Oscillators Filtering IF Output 7.6” x 7.6” x 1.6” 3.7 lbs. GET FREE DEMO TODAY www.thinkrf.com ||[email protected] +1-613-369-5104 monitor. detect. analyze. Editorial DAVID MALINIAK | Editor [email protected] EDITORIAL SENIOR CONTENT DIRECTOR: BILL WONG [email protected] A Time for EDITOR: DAVID MALINIAK [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITOR/COMMUNITY MANAGER: ROGER ENGELKE [email protected] SENIOR STAFF WRITER: JAMES MORRA [email protected] Leaders to Shine TECHNICAL EDITOR: JACK BROWNE [email protected] “LEADERS” IS A TERM we use often, and ART DEPARTMENT in many contexts. Human society is, by and GROUP DESIGN DIRECTOR: ANTHONY VITOLO [email protected] large, hierarchical, which is a 25-cent word ART DIRECTOR: JOCELYN HARTZOG [email protected] for “pecking order.” There’s a stratification that occurs, mostly by design, which places PRODUCTION some at the top of the mountain and oth- GROUP PRODUCTION MANAGER: GREG ARAUJO [email protected] DEANNA O’BYRNE ers in the valley. Some aspire to leadership; PRODUCTION MANAGER: [email protected] others are reluctant inheritors of it. Some AUDIENCE MARKETING groom would-be leaders, while others are USER MARKETING MANAGER: DEBBIE BRADY [email protected] simply followers (I enjoy Bob Dylan’s time- FREE SUBSCRIPTION / STATUS OF SUBSCRIPTION / ADDRESS CHANGE/ MISSING BACK ISSUES: less advice on the topic). OMEDA T | 847.513.6022 TOLL FREE | 866.505.7173 FAX | 847.291.4816 microwaves&[email protected] In 2020, perhaps more so than in years past, we’ve used “leaders” quite a bit regard- SALES & MARKETING ing those who head up governments, politi- REGIONAL SALES REPRESENTATIVES: cal parties, and other groups in society. But AZ, NM, TX: GREGORY MONTGOMERY [email protected] leaders arise in virtually all facets of human AK, NORTHERN CA, NV, OR, WA, WESTERN CANADA: STUART BOWEN [email protected] endeavor. Name any field, and some of its AL, AR, SOUTHERN CA, CO, FL, GA, HI, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, OH, OK, SC, SD, TN, UT, VA, WI, WV, WY, leaders will spring to mind. Medicine had CENTRAL CANADA: JAMIE ALLEN [email protected] Jonas Salk and Alexander Fleming; avia- CT, DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT, EASTERN CANADA: ELIZABETH ELDRIDGE [email protected] tion had the Wright Brothers and Charles INTERNATIONAL SALES: