THE AMERICAN EXCAVATIONS IN THE ATHENIAN AGORA HESPERIA: SUPPLEMENT VI THE SACRED GERUSIA Athens at Studies CC-BY-NC-ND. License: Classical of only. BY JAMES H. OLIVER use School personal American © For AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS 1941 This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.52.61 on Tue, 4 Dec 2012 15:04:40 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Athens at Studies CC-BY-NC-ND. License: Classical of only. use School personal American © For MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY J. H. FURST COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.52.61 on Tue, 4 Dec 2012 15:04:40 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Athens at To George Lincoln Hendrickson, Professor Emeritus of Classical Philology at Yale University, and to Michael Ivanovitch Rostovtzeff, Professor Emeritus of Ancient History at Yale University, this study Studies CC-BY-NC-ND. is gratefully and affectionately dedicated. License: Classical of only. use School personal American © For This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.52.61 on Tue, 4 Dec 2012 15:04:40 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions PREFACE This book has developedout of a study of three inscriptions (Nos. 24, 31, and 32) which were found in the American Excavations of the Ancient Athenian Agora, and which were entrusted to me for publication. These documents throw new light upon the Athenian Gerusia, for which I am here presenting the evidence and the compara- tive material as far as I have succeeded in isolating it. In the majority of places where gerusiae appear, no certain indication of the institution's character has survived. I have wished to avoid confusing the reader with a great deal of really irrelevant matter, and yet I have wanted to make the comparative Athens material as complete as possible. So I have included not all the possibilities but all those texts where in my opinion a certain indication or probability exists that they at deal with an institution of this specialized character. It has been difficult to draw the line. Some readers might have preferred to eliminate some of the organizations on which we have focused our attention, such as the Gerusiae at Thessalonica or at Tralles or at Apamea; and others may have felt that still more should have been Studies included,CC-BY-NC-ND. like the Gerusiae at Sidyma, at Acmonia, and at Nicaea. Still, the essential evidence is here presented, and the reader should not forget that various degrees of probability exist for the character of the institution in the different localities repre- sented in this collection. License: Grateful acknowledgments are here made to many scholars with whom I have Classical had the privilege of discussing my problems, in the first place to B. D. Meritt, W. L. of Westermann, and K. Kourouniotes; also to E. Schweigert, M. MacLaren, and H. A. Thompson.only. B. D. Meritt has read the book in manuscript and proof and has aided in the establishment of texts and translations. Ch. Edson most generously placed his readingsuse of the stones from Thessalonica at my disposal. 0. Walter and 0. Gottwald School procured for me from the Austrian Archaeological Institute in Vienna tracings of unpublished copies of Carian inscriptions. B. Ashmole and Miss Louise Dickey patiently checked readings for me in the British Museum. That an investigation was at all possible is due to the combined efforts of my former colleagues of the Agora staff,personal in the first place to the Managing Committee of the American School of American Classical Studies at Athens under the presidency of E. Capps, to the Field Director © For T. L. Shear, to the wonderful cataloguing department under the management of Lucy Talcott, to the excavators and to the rest. To all these scholars I publicly tend my warmest thanks. Any work like this is based on the contributions of many scholars, but in regard to the previous publications which have prepared the way for me three great debts call This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.52.61 on Tue, 4 Dec 2012 15:04:40 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions vi PREFACE for special acknowledgment to the following: (1) F. Poland's list of gerusiae and of the documents attesting them, Geschichte des Griechischen Vereilswesens (1909), pp. 577-587; (2) the splendid Austrian publications of the epigraphical material found in the excavations at Ephesus; (3) Ch. Picard's studies of the Ephesian Gerusia and of related problems in his monumental work Ephese et Claros (1922). Finally, I express my appreciation to my wife for having photographed some of the more inaccessible inscriptions, for aiding with the index, and for other services. NEW YORK, JAMES H. OLIVER FEBRUARY1, 1941 Athens at Studies CC-BY-NC-ND. License: Classical of only. use School personal American © For This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.52.61 on Tue, 4 Dec 2012 15:04:40 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ABBREVIATIONS A.J.A. = American Journal of Archaeology Anz. Ak. Wien = Anzeiger der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Ath. Mitt. = Mitteilungen des deutschen archaologischen Instituts. Athenische Abteilung B.C.H. = Bulletin de Correspondance Hellenique B.M.I. = The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum, 4 volumes (London, 1874-1916) B. ph. Woch. = Berliner philologische Wochenschrift Ber. d. Sachs. Akad. d. Wissensch.= Berichte fiber die Verhandlungen der Sachsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig C.I.G. = Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum C.I.L. = Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum - Athens E.M. These letters refer to the catalogue of the Epigraphical Museum at Athens I.G. = Inscriptiones Graecae consilio et auctoritate Academiae Litterarum Borussicae editae (Berlin, at 1873- ) I.G., II2 = Inscriptiones Graecae, Vols. II-III, editio minor (Berlin, 1913- ) I.G., IV2 = Inscriptiones Graecae, Vol. IV, editio minor (Berlin, 1929- ) I.G.R.R. = R. Cagnat, Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes, Vol. I (Paris, 1911), Studies Vol. III Vol. IV CC-BY-NC-ND. (Paris, 1906), (Paris, 1927) J.H.S. = The Journal of Hellenic Studies J.R.S. = The Journal of Roman Studies Jahrbuch = Jahrbuch des deutschen archaologischen Instituts Jahreshefte = Jahreshefte des 6sterreichischen archiiologischen Institutes in Wien = MichelLicense: C. Michel, Recueil d'Inscriptions Grecques (Brussels, 1900, with supplements in 1912 Classical and 1927) of O.G.I.S. = W. Dittenberger, Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae, 2 volumes (Leipzig, 1903 and only. 1905) Phil. Woch. == Philologische Wochenschrift Real-Enc. (or R.E.) = Pauly's Real-Encyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, edited by use 1894- School Georg Wissowa and others (Stuttgart, ) Rev. Arch. = Revue Archeologique Rev. de Phil. = Revue de Philologie de Litterature et d'Histoire anciennes Rev. lipigr. = Revue lipigraphique Rev. lit. Gr. - Revue des litudes Grecques S.E.G.personal =J. J. E. Hondius et alii, Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (Leyden) American S.I.G.1- W. Dittenberger, Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum, first edition (Leipzig, 1883) © S.I.G.2For = Idem, second edition, 3 volumes (Leipzig, 1898-1901) S.I.G.3 = Idem, third edition by F. Hiller von Gaertringen, 4 volumes (Leipzig, 1915-1924) Sitzungsber. Ak. Berlin = Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Sitzungsber. Ak. Wien = Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien T.A.M. == Tituli Asiae Minoris, collecti et editi auspiciis (Caesariae) Academiae Litterarum Vindobonensis (Vienna, 1901- ) Voyage Archeologique - References are to Ph. Le Bas and W. H. Waddington, Voyage Arche- ologique en Grece et en Asie Mineure, Vol. III (Paris, 1870-1872), which contains copies by Le Bas and texts and commentary by Waddington This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.52.61 on Tue, 4 Dec 2012 15:04:40 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE P reface ... ... ... ... .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. v L ist of A bbreviations............... .................................. vii PART I: HISTORY Chapter I The Athenian Gerusia ................................. 1 Chapter II The Problem of the Character and Origin of the Ephesian Gerusia 9 Athens Chapter III The Ephesian Gerusia in the time of ............. 14 at Lysimachus Chapter IV The Ephesian Gerusia under the Roman Empire.............. 21 Chapter V The Establishment of Sacred Gerusiae outside of Ephesus. The Duration of the Institution ............................ 28 Studies ChapterCC-BY-NC-ND. VI Terminology, Officers, Members, Roman Supervisors.......... 39 Chapter VII Con clu sion s . ... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 48 PART License: II: EPIGRAPHICAL TEXTS Classical of Number Subject Place Page only. 1 Citizenship for Euphronius the Acarnanian....................... Ephesus 53 2 Honors for a Boeotian flute-player................................ it 54 3 Bequest of Gaius Vibius Salutaris................................ it 55 use ?? School 4 Base for Statues of Artemis, Rome, and the Gerusia................. 86 5 Titus Peducaeus Canax......................................... ?? 87 ?? 6 H onorary Inscription .......................................... 88 7 Letter of Hadrian to the Gerusia ................................. 89 ?? 8 Claudius B assus ............................................... c 90 ?? personal 9 A ristocrates .................................................