National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Oceanographic Monitoring Protocol Version OC–2010.1 Natural Resource Report NPS/SEAN/NRR—2010/265 ON THE COVER Lewis Sharman, Ecologist at Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, prepares to deploy the CTD sampler during a fall cruise. NPS Photo by: B. Moynahan. Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve Oceanographic Monitoring Protocol Version OC–2010.1 Natural Resource Report NPS/SEAN/NRR—2010/265 Seth Danielson University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Institute of Marine Science PO Box 757220 Fairbanks, AK 99775 William Johnson National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Program, Southeast Alaska Network 3100 National Park Road Juneau, AK 99801 Lewis Sharman National Park Service Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Resources Management and Research PO Box 140 Gustavus, AK 99826 Ginny Eckert University of Alaska Fairbanks Fisheries Division 17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd. Juneau, AK 99801 Brendan Moynahan National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Program, Southeast Alaska Network 3100 National Park Road Juneau, AK 99801 November 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from the Southeast Alaska Network Inventory & Management website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sean/OC_Main.aspx) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM). Please cite this publication as: Danielson, S., W. Johnson, L. Sharman, G. Eckert, and B. Moynahan. 2010. Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve oceanographic monitoring protocol: Version OC–2010.1. Natural Resource Report NPS/SEAN/NRR—2010/265. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 132/106029, November 2010 ii Revision History This Oceanographic Monitoring protocol (OC) is labeled with the year of acceptance of formal peer review. The first protocol version of a particular year is given sequence number 1.Version numbers will be incremented by a whole number (e.g., 1.3 to 2.0) when a change is made that significantly affects requirements or procedures. Version numbers will be incremented by decimals (e.g., 1.6 to 1.7) when there are minor modifications that do not affect requirements or procedures included in the plan. Revision History Log: Prev. Revision Author Changes Made Reason for Change New Version # Version # Date S. Danielson, W. Oct. Johnson, L. Sharman, G. Initial version OC-2010.1 2010 Eckert, B. Moynahan iii Contents Page Figures........................................................................................................................................... vii Standard Operating Procedures.................................................................................................... viii Appendices ..................................................................................................................................... ix Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... xii 1.0 Background and Objectives .......................................................................................................1 1.1 Protocol Synopsis.......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Historical and Biophysical Background ....................................................................... 1 1.3 Purpose of Oceanographic Sampling ............................................................................ 4 1.4 Overview of Prior Oceanographic Sampling ................................................................ 5 1.5 Rationale for Selecting This Resource to Monitor ....................................................... 6 1.6 Measurable Objectives .................................................................................................. 7 2.0 Sampling Design ........................................................................................................................9 2.1 Rationale for Selecting This Sampling Design over Others ......................................... 9 2.2 Site Selection .............................................................................................................. 12 2.3 Sampling Frequency and Replication ......................................................................... 12 2.4 Level of Change Detectable for The Amount/Type of Sampling Being Instituted .... 13 3.0 Hydrographic Survey ...............................................................................................................15 3.1 Field Season Preparations and Equipment Setup........................................................ 15 3.2 Field Operations .......................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Post-cruise Operations ................................................................................................ 16 4.0 Data Handling, Analysis, and Reporting .................................................................................17 4.1 Overview of Information Architecture ....................................................................... 17 v 4.2 Overview of Data Products ......................................................................................... 18 4.3 Dissemination: Accessing the Data Deliverables ....................................................... 21 4.4 Repository: Data Archiving ........................................................................................ 23 4.5 Deliverable Validation and Certification .................................................................... 23 4.6 Data Acquisition: Scheduling Deliverable Production ............................................... 24 4.7 Managing the Production Environment ...................................................................... 24 4.8 Metadata Maintenance ................................................................................................ 24 4.9 Pre-certification Data Delivery ................................................................................... 25 5.0 Personnel Requirements and Training .....................................................................................27 5.1 Roles and Responsibilities .......................................................................................... 27 5.2 Qualifications .............................................................................................................. 28 5.3 Training Procedures .................................................................................................... 28 6.0 Operational Requirements .......................................................................................................29 6.1 Annual Workload and Field Schedule ........................................................................ 29 6.2 Facility and Equipment Needs .................................................................................... 30 6.3 Startup Costs and Budget Considerations ................................................................... 30 6.4 Protocol Revision Process........................................................................................... 31 7.0 Oceanography of Glacier Bay: Other Considerations .............................................................33 8.0 References ................................................................................................................................35 8.1 References Cited and Publications Utilizing GLBA Oceanography Data .................. 35 8.2 GLBA Oceanography Program Reviews and Reports ................................................ 37 vi Figures Page Figure 1.1. Map of the northeast Gulf of Alaska