AGRICULTURAL ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SAHEL: EXPECTED IMPACTS ON PESTS AND DISEASES AFFLICTING SELECTED CROPS AUGUST 2014 This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech ARD and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government. This report was prepared by Alfonso del Rio1 and Brent M. Simpson2 through a subcontract to Tetra Tech ARD. 1University of Wisconsin, Department of Horticulture 2 Michigan State University, Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Economics This publication was produced for the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech ARD, through a Task Order under the Prosperity, Livelihoods, and Conserving Ecosystems (PLACE) Indefinite Quantity Contract Core Task Order (USAID Contract No. AID-EPP-I-00-06-00008, Order Number AID-OAA-TO-11-00064). Tetra Tech ARD Contacts: Patricia Caffrey Chief of Party African and Latin American Resilience to Climate Change (ARCC) Burlington, Vermont Tel.: 802.658.3890 [email protected] Anna Farmer Project Manager Burlington, Vermont Tel.: 802.658.3890 [email protected] CLIMATE CHANGE IN MALI: EXPECTED IMPACTS ON PESTS AND DISEASES AFFLICTING SELECTED CROPS AFRICAN AND LATIN AMERICAN RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE (ARCC) AUGUST 2014 Expected Impacts on Pests and Diseases Afflicting Selected Crops i TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT THIS SERIES ................................................................................................................. vi INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLES ......................................................................................... 1 CEREALS ..................................................................................................................................... 13 FONIO ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13 FLOUR BEETLES ......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 STRIGA WITCHWEED ............................................................................................................................................................ 13 LEAF SPOT DISEASE (LSD) ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 STEM RUST .................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 MAIZE ................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 AFRICAN SUGARCANE BORER .......................................................................................................................................... 15 MAIZE STALK BORER (a.k.a. African Stalk Borer) ........................................................................................................... 16 PINK STEM BORER ................................................................................................................................................................... 16 SPOTTED STEM BORER .......................................................................................................................................................... 17 DOWNY MILDEW .................................................................................................................................................................... 17 GRAY LEAF SPOT (GLS), CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT .................................................................................................. 18 MAYDIS LEAF BLIGHT (MLB) ................................................................................................................................................ 18 RUST .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 MAIZE STREAK VIRUS (MSV) ................................................................................................................................................ 19 PEARL MILLET ................................................................................................................................................................. 20 MILLET EARHEAD CATERPILLAR, MILLET HEAD MINER .......................................................................................... 20 MILLET GRAIN MIDGE ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 MILLET STEM BORERS ............................................................................................................................................................. 21 WITCHWEED ............................................................................................................................................................................. 21 BACTERIAL LEAF STREAK ..................................................................................................................................................... 22 DOWNY MILDEW .................................................................................................................................................................... 23 RICE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 AFRICAN RICE GALL MIDGE (AfRGM) ............................................................................................................................. 23 AFRICAN STRIPED RICE BORER ......................................................................................................................................... 24 AFRICAN WHITE BORER ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 BIRDS ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 25 RICE GRASSHOPPERS.............................................................................................................................................................. 25 RICE WEEVIL (RW) ................................................................................................................................................................... 26 SPIDER MITES.............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 WHITEFLY ................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT (BLB) .......................................................................................................................................... 27 RICE YELLOW MOTTLE VIRUS (RYMV) ........................................................................................................................... 28 SORGHUM ....................................................................................................................................................................... 28 ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH ............................................................................................................................................... 29 KHAPRA BEETLE (KB) ............................................................................................................................................................. 29 SORGHUM APHID .................................................................................................................................................................... 30 SORGHUM MIDGE ................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Expected Impacts on Pests and Diseases Afflicting Selected Crops ii SORGHUM SHOOT FLY ......................................................................................................................................................... 31 STRIGA PURPLE WITCHWEED ........................................................................................................................................... 31 ANTHRACNOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 32 LEAF BLIGHT .............................................................................................................................................................................. 33 SORGHUM DOWNY MILDEW ............................................................................................................................................ 33 ZONATE LEAF SPOT ..............................................................................................................................................................