Chapter 3 Industrial Processes 3 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 3.1 Industrial Processes Chapter 3 CO-CHAIRS, EDITORS AND EXPERTS Co-chairs of the Expert Meeting on Emissions from Industrial Processes and the New Gases Wei Zhihong (China) and Steve Seidel (USA) REVIEW EDITOR Audun Rosland (Norway) Expert Group: CO2 Emissions from Industry CO-CHAIR Milos Tichy (Czech Republic) AUTHORS OF BACKGROUND PAPERS David Conneely (USA), Michael Gibbs (USA), and P. Soyka (USA) CONTRIBUTORS Wiley Barbour (USA), Stanislav Bogdanov (Bulgaria), Marvin Branscome (USA), Michael Gibbs (USA), Virginia Gorsevski (USA), Taka Hiraishi (Japan), Heike Mainhardt (USA), Joe Mangino (USA), Katharina Mareckova (IPCC/OECD), Julia Martinez (Mexico), Michael Miller (USA), Jos Olivier (Netherlands), Astrid Olsson (Sweden), Hendrik van Oss (USA), Newton Paciornik (Brazil), Kristin Rypdal (Norway), Arthur Rypinski (USA), Michael Strogies (Germany), Pieter du Toit (South Africa), and Matthew Williamson (USA) Expert Group: N2O Emissions from Adipic Acid and Nitric Acid Production CO-CHAIR Mack McFarland (USA) AUTHORS OF BACKGROUND PAPERS Heike Mainhardt (USA) and Ron Reimer (USA) CONTRIBUTORS Wiley Barbour (USA), Stanislav Bogdanov (Bulgaria), Taka Hiraishi (Japan), Joe Mangino (USA), Jos Olivier (Netherlands), Astrid Olsson (Sweden), Michael Strogies (Germany), Milos Tichy (Czech Republic), and Matt Williamson (USA) Expert Group: PFC Emissions from Aluminium Production CO-CHAIRS Michael Atkinson (Australia) and William Agyemang-Bonsu (Ghana) AUTHORS OF BACKGROUND PAPERS Vikram Bakshi (USA), Eric J. Dolin (USA), Michael J. Gibbs (USA), Karen Lawson, and Diana Pape (USA) CONTRIBUTORS Vikram Bakshi (USA), Willy Bjerke (UK), Guy Bouchard (Canada), Eric Dolin (USA), Jochen Harnisch (Germany), Purushottam Kunwar (Nepal), Bernard Leber (USA), Philippe Levavasseur (France), Petra Mahrenholz (Germany), Jerry Marks (USA), John Pullen (Australia), Sally Rand (USA), Emmanuel Riviere (France), Kristin Rypdal (Norway), Deborah Ottinger-Schaefer (USA), and Kiyoto Tanabe (Japan) 3.2 IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Chapter 3 Industrial Processes Expert Group: SF6 Emissions from Magnesium Production CO-CHAIRS Bill Palmer (Canada) and Pieter de Toit (South Africa) AUTHOR OF BACKGROUND PAPER Bill Palmer (Canada) CONTRIBUTORS Kay Abel (Australia), Scott Bartos (USA), Lowell Brothers (USA), Kathryn Ellerton (USA), William Irving (USA), Toshiaki Ohgita (Japan), Natalya Parasyuk (Ukraine), Takuya Suizu (Japan), Tom Tripp (USA), and Chen Zhenlin (China) Expert Group: Emissions of SF6 from Electrical Equipment and Other Sources CO-CHAIRS Jos Olivier (Netherlands) and Newton Paciornik (Brazil) AUTHORS OF BACKGROUND PAPERS Jos G.J. Olivier (Netherlands ) and Joost Bakker (Netherlands) CONTRIBUTORS Rainer Bitsch (Germany), Lowell Brothers (USA), Eric Dolin (USA), Kathryn Ellerton (USA), Jochen Harnisch (Germany), Petra Mahrenholtz (Germany), Bill Palmer (Canada), Natalya Parasyuk (Ukraine), Ewald Preisegger (Germany), Michael Strogies (Germany), Takuya Suizu (Japan), and Chen Zhenlin (China) Expert Group: PFC, HFC and SF6 Emissions from Semiconductor Manufacturing CO-CHAIRS Alexey Kokorin (Russian Federation) and Sally Rand (USA) AUTHORS OF BACKGROUND PAPERS Scott Bartos (USA) and C. Shepherd Burton (USA) CONTRIBUTORS Kenneth Aitchison (USA), Scott Bartos (USA), Laurie Beu (USA), Shepherd Burton (USA), David Green (USA), Philippe Levavasseur (France), Michael Mocella (USA), Jerry Meyers (USA), Toshiaki Ohgita (Japan), Emmanuel Riviere (France), Deborah Ottinger Schaefer (USA), and Pieter du Toit (South Africa) Expert Group: Emissions of Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS Substitutes) CO-CHAIRS Archie McCulloch (UK) and Reynaldo Forte Jr. (USA) AUTHORS OF BACKGROUND PAPERS Reynaldo Forte, Jr. (USA), Archie McCulloch (UK), and Pauline Midgley (UK) CONTRIBUTORS Radhy Agarwal (India), Paul Ashford (UK), Ward Atkinson (USA), James Baker (USA), Pierre Boileau (Canada), Marvin Branscome (USA), Margreet van Brummelen (Netherlands), Nick Campbell (UK), Anita Cicero (USA), Denis Clodic (France), Yuichi Fujimoto (Japan), Francis Grunchard (Belgium), Toshio Hirata (Japan), Niklas Höhne (UNFCCC Secretariat), Eliisa Irpola (Finland), Mike Jeffs (Belgium), Fred Keller (USA), Alexey Kokorin (Russian Federation), Candido Lomba (Brazil), Julia Martinez (Mexico), Thomas Martinsen IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 3.3 Industrial Processes Chapter 3 (IPCC/OECD), Arthur Naujock (USA), Yutaka Obata (Japan), John Owens (USA), Christophe Petitjean (France), Marit Viktoria Pettersen (Norway), Ewald Preisegger (Germany), Erik Rasmussen (Denmark), Masataka Saburi (Japan), Deborah Ottinger Schaefer (USA), Stephen Seidel (USA), Len Swatkowski (USA), Dwayne Taylor (USA), Gary Taylor (Canada), Daniel Verdonik (USA), and Duncan Yellen (UK) Expert Group: Estimation of HFC-23 Emissions from HCFC-22 Manufacture CO-CHAIRS Nick Campbell (UK) and Julia Martinez (Mexico) AUTHORS OF BACKGROUND PAPERS Marvin Branscombe (USA) and William Irving (USA) CONTRIBUTORS Marvin Branscome (USA), Mark Christmas (USA), Taka Hiraishi (Japan), William Irving (USA), Stephen Seidel (USA), Matthew Williamson (USA), and Wei Zhihong (China) 3.4 IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Chapter 3 Industrial Processes Contents 3 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................3.9 3.1 CO2 EMISSIONS FROM INDUSTRY ...............................................................................................3.10 3.1.1 Cement production...................................................................................................................3.10 Appendix 3.1.1A.1 Definitions of cement types .................................................................3.18 3.1.2 Lime production.......................................................................................................................3.20 3.1.3 Iron and steel industry..............................................................................................................3.25 3.2 N2O EMISSIONS FROM ADIPIC ACID AND NITRIC ACID PRODUCTION ..............................3.31 3.2.1 Methodological issues..............................................................................................................3.31 3.2.2 Reporting and documentation ..................................................................................................3.37 3.2.3 Inventory quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)..............................................................3.37 3.3 PFC EMISSIONS FROM ALUMINIUM PRODUCTION.................................................................3.39 3.3.1 Methodological issues..............................................................................................................3.39 3.3.2 Reporting and documentation ..................................................................................................3.46 3.3.3 Inventory quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)..............................................................3.46 3.4 SF6 EMISSIONS FROM MAGNESIUM PRODUCTION .................................................................3.48 3.4.1 Methodological issues..............................................................................................................3.48 3.4.2 Reporting and documentation ..................................................................................................3.50 3.4.3 Inventory quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)..............................................................3.51 3.5 EMISSIONS OF SF6 FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND OTHER SOURCES....................3.53 3.5.1 Electrical equipment ................................................................................................................3.53 3.5.2 Other sources of SF6 ................................................................................................................3.63 3.5.3 Production of SF6.....................................................................................................................3.67 3.6 PFC, HFC, SF6 EMISSIONS FROM SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING............................3.69 3.6.1 Methodological issues..............................................................................................................3.69 3.6.2 Reporting and documentation ..................................................................................................3.77 3.6.3 Inventory quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)..............................................................3.78 3.7 EMISSIONS OF SUBSTITUTES FOR OZONE DEPLETING SUSBSTANCES (ODS SUBSTITUTES) .......................................................................................................................3.79 Overview (3.7.1 to 3.7.7) .......................................................................................................................3.79 General methodological issues for all ODS substitutes sub-source categories.......................................3.79 Reporting and documentation for all ODS substitutes sub-source categories.........................................3.83 Inventory quality assurance/quality