MONITORING AND EVALUATION SUPPORT ACTIVITY (MEASURE II) BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND ADDRESSING THE BIODIVERSITY NEEDS FAA 119 ANALYSIS February 2020 This document is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. MONITORING AND EVALUATION SUPPORT ACTIVITY II (MEASURE II) BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND ADDRESSING THE BIODIVERSITY NEEDS FAA 119 Analysis February 2020 Prepared under the USAID Bosnia and Herzegovina Monitoring and Evaluation Support Activity II (MEASURE II), Contract Number AID-167-I-17-00004; Task Order Number 72016819F00001 Submitted to: USAID/Bosnia and Herzegovina, February 2020 Contractor: IMPAQ International, LLC USAID.GOV FAA 199 ANALYSIS BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA | I CONTENTS LIST OF EXHIBITS......................................................................................................................IV ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................... V 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 3 Country Context .................................................................................................................... 7 Biophysical Setting .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Background on Biodiversity Issue ............................................................................................................................... 8 4 Status of the Country’s Biodiversity .................................................................................... 9 Status of Biodiversity Information .............................................................................................................................. 9 Major Ecosystem Types and Status .......................................................................................................................... 10 Species Diversity and Status ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Genetic Diversity .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Status and Management of Protected Areas .......................................................................................................... 12 4.1.1 Protected Areas ........................................................................................................................................ 12 4.1.2 Natura 2000 Areas ................................................................................................................................... 14 4.1.3 Ramsar and IBA Sites ............................................................................................................................... 14 4.1.4 Potential Protected Areas ...................................................................................................................... 14 4.1.5 Economic potential of the protected area system ............................................................................ 15 Status and Management of Key Natural Resources Outside Protected Areas ............................................. 16 5 Value and Economic Potential............................................................................................ 16 Value of Biodiversity .................................................................................................................................................... 16 Ecosystem Goods and Services ................................................................................................................................. 17 6 Legal Framework Affecting Conservation ........................................................................ 19 National Laws, Policies and Strategies ..................................................................................................................... 19 6.1.1 National Legislation .................................................................................................................................. 19 6.1.2 Entity Legislation ....................................................................................................................................... 19 6.1.3 Cantonal Legislation ................................................................................................................................. 20 6.1.4 Strategies and Action Plans .................................................................................................................... 20 USAID.GOV FAA 199 ANALYSIS BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA | II International Agreements ........................................................................................................................................... 20 Government Agencies ................................................................................................................................................. 22 Conservation Initiatives: Current and Planned Conservation Efforts .............................................................. 22 7 Threats and Actions Necessary to Conserve Biodiversity ............................................... 23 Direct Threats to Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................... 23 Drivers of Threats and Actions Necessary to Conserve Biodiversity ............................................................ 28 8 Extent to Which the Mission Meets Identified Actions Needed ..................................... 32 9 Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 39 Recommendations Based on Actions Necessary to Conserve Biodiversity .................................................. 39 Annexes ........................................................................................................................................ 41 Annex A: Literature ..................................................................................................................................................... 42 Annex B: List of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) ................................................................................................. 43 Annex C: List of IP Respondents to the Online Survey ...................................................................................... 45 Annex D: List of FGDs Participants ......................................................................................................................... 46 Annex E: Overview of Indicators on Biodiversity Adopted at BiH Level ....................................................... 47 Annex F: Protected Areas in BiH ............................................................................................................................. 50 Annex G: Importance of Ecosystems of BiH in Providing Key Services ......................................................... 54 Annex H: Legislative and Strategic Framework ..................................................................................................... 55 Annex I: Overview of Multilateral Environmental Agreements Ratified by BiH ............................................ 57 Annex J: Relevant Donors' Activities in a Period 2016-2020 ............................................................................. 60 Annex K: Overview of National Targets and Measures Contained in the NBSAP BiH (2015–2020) ..... 62 USAID.GOV FAA 199 ANALYSIS BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA | III LIST OF EXHIBITS Figure 1: Map of PAs in BiH .......................................................................................................................................... 51 Figure 2: Map of Potential Natura 2000 Areas in BiH ............................................................................................ 52 Table 1: Main Groups of Threats ................................................................................................................................. 24 Table 2: Actions Necessary Linked to Drivers and Direct Threats .................................................................... 29 Table 3: Actions Necessary and Extent to Which Current USAID/BiH Programming and Other Donors’ Activities Contribute to These ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Table 4: Recommendations ..........................................................................................................................................