Delivery Order 0009 Contract No. DACW31-89-D-0059 US Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District NATIONAL HISTORIC CONTEXT FOR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INSTALLATIONS, 1790 - 1940 Volume III of IV August 1995 R. Christopher Goodwin and Associates, Inc. 337 East Third Street Frederick, Maryland 21701 Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District P.O. Box 1715 Baltimore, MD 21203-1715 NATIONAL HISTORIC CONTEXT FOR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INSTALLATIONS, 1790 - 1940 FINAL REPORT by Deborah K. Cannan, B.A., Leo Hirrel, Ph.D., Katherme E. Gtandine, M.A., Kathryn M. Kuranda, M. Arch. Hist, Bethany M. Usher, B.A., Hugh'S. McAloon, B.A., and Martha R. Williams, M.A., M.Ed. R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. 337 East Third Street Frederick, Maryland 21701 August 1995 for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District P.O. Box 1715 Baltimore, Maryland 21203-1715 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART IV. INSTAUAnON SITE REPORTS INTRODUCnON TO PART IV -INSTAllAnON SITE REPORTS ••.•....•...••.•. 1 ARMY Aberdeen Proving Grounds . • . • . • • . • •.•••••••••••••• , 3 FitZsimons Army Medical Center " . • . • . • . • • . • . .. 11 Ft Belvoir . • . .. 17 Ft Benjamin Harrison • . • . .. • • . • . • . • • • • . • • • • .• 23 Ft Benning .•••..••.•.....••....... •.•.. • . • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • •• 29 Ft Bliss·:~ • . • . • • . • . • . • • . •.•• . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .'. • • •• 35 Ft Bra~ ••••..•••••..........•••.•..: .....••••••••••••••••••• 41 Ft. DeveRs .................................................. 47 Ft Huac,ltuca •....••...............•.•.......••...••..•••.••.• 53 Ft Jndlalitown Gap • • • • . • . • • . • . • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • •• 59 Ft KnoX! . • . ~ .. 61 Ft. leavf1worth ........................................•••..• 67 Ft t.ewiI. '" . .. 75 Ft McCl)lIan ..•....................•........•..••.••.•••.•.• 81 Ft M$'.'~.r .................................................. 87 FtMcP n ............................................... 93 FtM ................................................. 99 Ft M h . • • . • . • . •.• . • . • . • . • •• 105 Ft Mon+e ........ '.' ...................................... , 111 Ft My~i ..........•................ .,. .. 119 Ft Rley :•........... ; . .. 125 Ft Sam rouston ...•.................................•...•..• 133 Ft Sill ~...........•.......................................... 141 Ft Tott . .. .. 149 Picatinn Arsenal .....................•...............•....•. 155 Presidio Monterey ., . • . •• 163 Rock lsi. Arsenal.......... • . •• 169 Walter CArmy Medical Center . • . • . •. 175 Watervir . Arsenal. • . • . .. 181 United ,tes Military Academy . • . .. 187 NAVY l Naval Aiities Mare Island . .. 195 Naval Ai tion Key West ..................................... 201 Naval Aid tatlon Moffett Field ................................... 205 Naval Ai ; tlon North Island ............................•...... 211 Naval Air· arfare Center Aircraft Division lakehurst ................... 219 Naval Ba Charfeston ........................................ 225 Naval Ba Norfolk ........................................... 231 Naval Co lex Pensacola . .. 237 Naval Edtfation and Training Center Newport . .. 245 Naval Ordftance Station Indian Head ............................. , 251 Naval Sub~rine Base New London .............................. 255 iii Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren . • • • . • • • . • • . • . • • . .. 261 Naval Radio Transmitter Faclity Choilas Helg~ ••...•...........•.•• 267 Naval Training Center Great lakes •..••..••• ~ ....,. • . • . • • . .. 273 Naval Training Center San Diego ••••••••••••••.••••..••••..•••.•. 279 Norfolk Naval Shipyard . : . • . • • . • . • . • • • . • . • . • . .. 285 Phladelphla Naval Base ..... 0 • • • 0 • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ., 293 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard ..•.••.••.•.•••...•.••••.•........• " 301 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Marine Reservation. • • • . • . • • • • • • • .. 307 U.S. Naval Academy. • • • . • • . • . • . • . .• • .. 315 U.S. Naval Observatory •......•..•.....•.. 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 321 Washington Navy Yard •..•..•••.•..•..•••...••••. 0 • 0 ••• 0 •••• o. 327 MARINE CORPS Marine Corps Barracks, Washington, D.C..•.•. 0 •••••••••••••••••••• 335 Marine Corps Development and Education Command, Quantico . • . • • • •. 341 Marine Corps Recruit Depot. Parris Island .......................... 347 Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego ................ 0 0 • 0 0 0 • ; • • •• 353 AIR FORCE Barksdale AFB •••••••••• 0 • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 0 ••••• 0 0 • 0 • • •• • • •• 359 Boiling AFB 0...... 0 0 • • • • • 0 • • 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 365 Brooks AFB • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • 0 •• 0 • 0 • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .~. • • •• 371 Chanute AFB .• •• '. • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • . • . • . • • • • . • . • . 0 .'. 0 • •• 3n Francis E. Warren AFB ......•• 0 0 0 •• 0 ••••••••••••••••••••• >~ • • •• 383 Kelly AFB • • • • • • • • • 0 • 0 •• 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • • 0 0 0 • • • • • 0 0 • 0 .0 • • •• 389 langley AFB 0 •••• 0 • 0 •••• 0 0 ••••• 0 0 •••• 0 •••••••••••••••••;~ • • •• 395 Lowry AFB .....•••...•...•' ..•..........•..............:". •. 403 March AFB .••.•...••.•...•.......•.....•.•.•. '.....•..• ;. • .. 409 Maxwell AFB ..•.•.•......' ••...........•.............. ,,'. • . .. 417 Offutt AFB •••••••.•.•.•..•.••••.•••.••....•.•........•••••. 423 Plattsburgh AFB ... 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••• " • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 429 Pope AFB ..•.....•......•...............•...........•;..... 435 Randolph AFB .....................•......................•. 441 Scott AFB .•....•.•..••..•.••........................•, •.••• 447 Selfridge AFB ......................................... ",' . •• 453 Wright.patterson AFB ......••....................•............ 459 Wurtsmith AFB ...........•............................ i:. • • •• 465 Iv INTRODUCTION TO PART IV -INSTALLATION SITE REPORTS The National Historical Context for Department of Defense (DoD) Installations, 1790 - 1940 is a Legacy Program demonstration project designed to assist the Department of Defense (000) in executing its responsibilities for cultural resources under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, applying the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Preservation Planning and the guidelines of the National Register Program. The purpose of the project is to examine the complex historical and architectural relationships among 000 construction on a nationwide basis to provide comparative Information on the historic significance of military construction In the contiguous United States between 1790 a~ 1940. The National Military Context integrates the three components of an historic context: time period, geographic area, and theme. The overall study is organized into fIVe sections: Part I - Chronological Overview; Part 1/ - Theme Studies; Part 11/- Property Types; Part N - Installation Site Reports; and, Part V - National Register Nomination Case Studies. Part IV - Installation Site Reports is presented in the following section and demonstrates how specific examples of military installations relate to the Overview, Themes, and Property Types. This section of the report illustrates how the components of the context are tied to 000 real property. ' Data are presented for seventy-five active-duty installations that will enable the reader to place the Installation within its appropriate context and will enable comparisons among similar installations. The information for the Marine Reservation at Puget Sound is incorporated into the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Marine Reservation installation site report The site reports consist of the following sections: 1. Time Period: This section lists the dates of military activity at the installation, to 1940. The relevant sections and sub-sections of the Chronological Overview are listed to enable the reader to place the installation it its historical context. For example, the Naval Radio Transmitter Facility Chollas Heights installation reports lists two relevant sections within the Overview: (1) MHitary and the Progressive Era, 1890 -1918 (New Technology: Submarine, Aircraft, and Radio) and (2) Inter-war Years, 1918 - 1940 rNar Plans and the Shift to the Pacific). These cross­ references enable the reader to relate the activities at Chollas Heights to the overall military developments during those time periods and to locate comparative information in the relevant sections of Part I of the report, Chronological Overview. 2. Relevant Themes: This section lists the topical themes related to each installation's historical development included in Part II of the report, Theme Studies. For example, the Ft. Monroe installation report lists the themes Technology, with the specific sub-headings of weapons and fortifications, and Education. These cross-references provide background and comparative information on the missions and designs of installations. The themes were drawn from the National Register of Historic Places MAreas of Significance" to facilitate evaluation of the installations' historic significance. 3. Installation Historv and Context: This section provides a narrative summary of the historical development of each installation, with particular emphasis on construction associated with different periods and activities. The summary draws connections between the site-specific history of each installation and broader trends that influenced U.S. military development. Specific buildings related to historical