Overview Cummins Westport January 9, 2013 Who Are We? A Joint Venture of Westport & Cummins Cummins Inc. 50% 50% Delivered over 35,000 engines. 2011 Revenue = $139M New 10 year Agreement 2012 2 Cummins Inc. More than 75 years –Leader in American diesel manufacturing . World’s largest builder of commercial diesels . Designs, manufactures, distributes, and services – electric power generation systems, engines, and related technologies, including fuel systems, controls, air handling, filtration, and emissions solutions. Headquartered in Columbus, Indiana (USA), – serves customers in approximately 190 countries and territories through a network of more than 500 company-owned and independent distributor locations and approximately 5,200 dealer locations. – Cummins reported sales of $18 billion in 2011 . Cummins product development & manufacturing alliances include: – Case, New Holland, IVECO, Komatsu, Westport, and Scania. 3 Westport Innovations Inc. Recognized as the world leader in gaseous fuel engine technology . Originated from research at UBC in early 1990’s . Public company on TSE, formed in 1995 . 170 people at Westport (including Cummins Westport, Westport Europe and Westport Germany) Vancouver, BC, Canada . State-of-the-art facilities in Vancouver, Canada: 7,400 m2 (78,000 ft2) of laboratory and office space . Leading Natural Gas expertise and industry relationships Technology Innovation and Application Award 4 Why Natural Gas Engines for Buses & Trucks? Environmental Leadership Meets Regulated 2010 EPA/CARB Lower greenhouse gas emissions Economic Benefits Energy Security Improved Reliability Reduced reliance on oil Improved Efficiency Biomethane capable Lower total fuel costs Pathway to hydrogen 5 Why Natural Gas?.... A Simpler Cleaner Fuel Complex Hydro Carbon Simple Hydro Carbon Natural Gas (methane) has highest hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of any hydrocarbon 6 Natural Gas has Many Advantages ! It produces up to 25% less It is It is safer greenhouse Locally & than liquid gas Globally fuels abundant It costs up to 50% less than gas or diesel It can be transported anywhere Methane (CH ) 4 7 Energy Security: Natural Gas is abundant in North America. 98% 34% New NG drilling technologies are unlocking substantial amounts of natural gas from shale. U.S. estimated NG reserves have surged by 35% since 2008. 8 Recent market activity points to “corridors” that support the on highway market for natural gas. Step 1: Serve Local/Regional Trucking Hubs Step 2: Serve Lanes that Connect the Hubs Cummins Westport Confidential Dec 2011 Shale Gas fields in the U.S. 10 Economic Value: Which fuel offers the most value? Crude Oil Natural Gas $100 $2 per barrel per 1000 ft3 5.8 million BTUs 1020 BTUs Natural Gas per barrel per 1000 ft3 is 85% less expensive than crude oil $17 per $1.90 per Million BTUs Million BTUs Cummins Westport Confidential than crude oil and the gap is growing. gap the oil and crude than expensive less is significantly gas Natural Source: U.S. EIA (March 2012). (March EIA U.S. Source: Cummins Westport Confidential Westport Cummins Natural Gas and Crude Oil Spot Prices $25.00 Natural Gas Henry Hub Spot Price $20.00 Crude Oil Cushing Spot Price $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 Energy Price in Millions of BTUs of Millionsin Price Energy $0.00 1997 2000 2004 2007 2010 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2008 2009 2011 2012 1997 2000 2003 2007 2010 1998 1999 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2011 2000 2003 2006 2010 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009 2011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May Less 85% Jan 1997 - Mar 2012 Natural gas is the lowest cost transportation fuel in the USA, priced 39% less than diesel. $1.47 per DGE 39% Source: U.S. DOE / Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report (July 2012). Cummins Westport Confidential Natural Gas Transportation Solutions light-duty bus & heavy-haul automotive vocational trucks transport & industrial Critical performance, higher annual fuel use, high efficiency Today, feedstock is crude oil Spark-ignited Direct-injection gasoline diesel Emerging, feedstock is natural gas! Spark-ignited Direct-injection natural gas natural gas 14 Broad Range of Transport Applications light-duty bus & heavy-haul high-horsepower automotive vocational trucks transport mining, marine & rail & industrial 15 Natural Gas Engine Technologies Spark-Ignited Dual-Fuel (DF) High Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) TAB Operation Gas and air pre-mixed at Gas and air pre-mixed at High pressure gas is low pressure low pressure injected directly in the Air is metered using a Air may be partially combustion chamber throttle metered using a turbo air No intake throttle Ignition from spark plug bypass or a throttle Ignition from specific Uses either an oxidation Ignition from diesel pilot diesel pilot injection catalyst or three-way catalyst injection (existing injector of Diesel cycle (lean burn or stoich) specific pilot injector) Otto cycle Otto cycle / Diesel cycle Fuel 100% NG Typical substitution of ~95% substitution System CNG or LNG 50~60% over duty cycle Limited run on diesel Notes No run on diesel capability 100% run on diesel Requires high pressure capable LNG pump and vaporiser 16 Cummins Westport Product Line-up. In 2015 Production 2013 6.7 Litre 8.9 Litre 11.9 Litre Spark Ignited Spark Ignited Spark Ignited SEGR SEGR SEGR Three Way Catalyst Three Way Catalyst Three Way Catalyst Cummins and Cummins Westport developing new on-highway natural gas engines Available Available 2013 2015 2015 2013 Natural Gas Engines 19 Current Natural Gas Engine Specifications ISL G ISX12 G Westport HD 15L Displacement 8.9 L 11.9 L 14.9 L Advertised Horsepower 250 – 320 320 – 400 400 – 475 Torque 730 – 1,000 1,150 – 1,450 1,450 – 1,750 Gov Speed 2,200 RPM 2,100 RPM 2,100 RPM Net Weight (Dry) 1,625 LB 2,650 LB 3,111 LB Ignition Spark Spark Compression (Diesel Pilot) GCWR 32K – 66K 32K – 80K 80K – 130K Fuel CNG or LNG CNG or LNG LNG Engine Brake NO YES YES Transmission Automatic Manual & Automatic Manual & AMT Applications Refuse, transit, medium-duty trucking, Heavy-haul, long- regional/local trucking haul, severe duty 20 What is Stoichiometric Combustion? . Ideal combustion process where fuel is burned completely – Ideal air/fuel ratio - chemically correct mixing of fuel and air – Consumes all fuel & air without excess of either in exhaust – No Oxygen in exhaust stream allows Three Way Catalyst to handle NOx control . Benefits: – Increased power density – Increased thermal efficiency – Decreased emissions 21 CWI Combustion Technology Spark Ignited Stoichiometric with Cooled EGR Stoichiometric EGR Spark Three Way Catalyst Plug Architecture Three Way Catalyst EGR Cooler Spark Ignited . Fuel, EGR and air are premixed outside the cylinder . Spark plug ignites the mixture Air Cooler Charge Fuel . Air flow controls fuel flow Throttle . Air/Fuel ratio controls emissions 22 Three Way Catalyst . TWC reduces three harmful emissions: NOX, CO, HC . End products are: N2, CO2, H2O . Packaged as part of muffler . Simple, passive device . O2 Sensor connects to ECM . Consistent performance across all duty cycles Catalyst Inlet Catalyst Outlet NO X N2 CO CO2 HC H2O ISL G / ISX12 G TWC Engines Aftertreatment Comparison SCR Catalyst Particulate Filter 2013 Diesel Urea ECM Heated Dosing Urea Tank Control Unit Cummins TWC Three Way Catalyst 24 ISL G Natural Gas Engine . 8.9 Litre (540 cu. In.) . In line 6 cylinder . Charge Air Cooled (CAC) . Spark ignition . Peak Rating: – HP-320 hp Torque -1000 lb-ft . Certified to 2013 EPA and CARB NOx and PM standards . Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment . Manufactured by Cummins in Cummins Engine Plant- Rocky Mount, North Carolina . Over 15,000 in service. 25 ISL G Availability – Transit Buses OEM New Flyer NABI Orion ElDorado Gillig Model 30/35/40 Low Floor 35/40 Low Floor Orion V HF EZ Rider II 30/35/40 Low 60 BRT Orion VII LF Floor Fuel CNG CNG CNG LNG/CNG CNG Engine ISLG 280 ISLG 280 ISL G 280 ISLG 280 ISLG 280 ISL G 320 North American CNG Transit Fleets LAMTA, Los Angeles, CA OCTA, Orange County, CA Big Blue Bus, Santa Monica, CA over Boston, MA Washington DC Dallas, TX 8,000 TransLink, Vancouver, Canada NY / Long Island Transit, NY San Diego Transit, CA engines in service Foothills Transit, CA RTC Transit, Las Vegas, NV HSR, Hamilton, Canada Fort Worth, TX Santa Clara, CA Tacoma, WA St. Louis, MO ISL G Availability – COE Trucks OEM AutoCar Mack Peterbilt American Crane Carrier Lafrance Model Xpeditor TerraPro LE 320 Condor LET Terra Pro CO Fuel LNG/CNG LNG/CNG LNG/CNG LNG/CNG LNG/CNG Engine ISLG 320 ISLG 320 ISL G 320 ISL G 320 ISLG 320 North America Refuse Fleets . City of Los Angeles, CA City of Toronto Miller Waste, Ontario over Republic Service City of Sacramento, CA EMI, Quebec 4,000 Specialty Solid Waste Long Island, NY BFI / City of Surrey, BC engines in City of New York Smithtown, NY service Denver, CO Waste Management (USA, Ogden, Utah Canada) Violia Environmental ISL G Availability – Conventional Trucks OEM Freightliner Peterbilt Kenworth Volvo Navistar Model M2 – 112 320 T800SH VNM TranStar SD - 114 384 W900S 365 T440 T470 Engine ISLG 320 ISL G 320 ISLG 320 ISL G 320 ISL G 320 ISL G 300 Application 6x4 Tractor Tractor Tractor Tractor Tractor 4x2 Tractor Vocational Vocational 4x2 Truck Mixer Mixer 6x2 Truck Vocational North America Truck Fleets over Cal Cartage, CA UPS Pac 9 1,500 Ryder Trucks Sysco Rush engines in service Dillon Transport Pepsico Waste Management Paper Transport Coca Cola 28 2013 Natural Gas Engine Introduction .