Allston/Brighton Demographics and Health Data: 2014 Anna Leslie, MPH Coordinator, Allston Brighton Health Collaborative September 2014 Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide existing data on the Boston district of Allston/Brighton and to accurately depict neighborhood needs as they relate to public health. The report also aims to identify underserved populations within the district and recommend strategies that the Allston Brighton Health Collaborative (ABHC) may adopt to address those needs. Strategies may integrate aspects of the social determinants of health. Recommendations are based on: - Comparative analysis between A/B population demographics and selected health indicators and those of Boston. - Analysis of demographic data for A/B - Extensive informational interviews with ABHC member organizations. This serves as an update to the 2012 Health Assessment conducted by the ABHC. This report will use the Institute of Medicine’s definition of public health as society’s collective effort in “assuring conditions in which people can be healthy.” i Conditions are influenced at the social, economic, cultural, health, and environmental levels, and are included in the social determinants of health. For the purposes of clarity, Allston/Brighton will be referred to as one district and two neighborhoods. This report does not function as a published document and any information reproduced must be properly attributed. 2 Demographics Five regions are summarized in the following demographic data: the neighborhoods of Allston and Brighton, the district of Allston/Brighton, the region of Allston/Brighton/Fenway-Kenmore (A/B/F) non-college enrolled population, and the city of Boston. The Allston and Brighton neighborhoods are included separately and together as many organizations and institutions distinguish these communities in different ways. The A/B/F non-college enrolled population is included as a comparative data set; Allston and Brighton data consistently include college students, who are by and large temporary residents. (The Fenway-Kenmore neighborhood cannot be differentiated from this data set, and so is also included.) The city of Boston is included as comparative data. Current data is used when available, otherwise 2010 Census data is used. 2010 Census data is sourced instead of multi-year average estimates when possible. NOTE: While the A/B district is one of Boston’s largest, it remains a difficult area to accurately quantify. Residents often define neighborhood lines differently from city institutions such as the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA). Additionally, the student populations of Boston University, Boston College, and Harvard University that live in the district are included in Census counts. While some of these students may choose to stay in the district upon graduation, many of these students are temporary residents. At this time, it is unknown how many registered students live in the district, although the Boston City Council recently required that such data become available.1 It will be informative to tease out this population in order to capture more accurate demographic data on the district’s permanent population. The only non-student data that exist for the district include the adjacent neighborhood of Fenway-Kenmore. All data regarding the A/B district must be reviewed with the knowledge that they include a population of temporary residents who are predominantly White/non-Hispanic or Latino, between the ages of 17-23, and have completed high school and/or college. 2 For this reason, it is difficult to 1 Abelson, Jenn. “Colleges in Boston required to release off-campus addresses.” The Boston Globe. 8/21/14. http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/08/20/colleges-boston-required-release-off-campus- addresses/2RQi6RUTOw8pnuYiopmuWO/story.html 2 43% of BU’s undergrads are White http://www.bu.edu/admissions/about-bu/. 32% of BC’s undergrads are non-White/Hispanic. http://www.bc.edu/about/bc-facts.html. “Approximately 1,270 BC undergraduates live in off-campus housing, with the majority of them living in the Allston-Brighton area.” An additional 3,201 live on-campus in Boston. https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/sites/imp/pdf/zoning_commision_/03_Campus_Demographi.pdf 3 determine whether the district’s demographic data accurately capture the permanent population, or whether the data are skewed because of the student population. With the aid of anecdotal experience and the A/B/F non-college enrolled population data set, it is likely that A/B is older and has a lower median household income than Census data suggest. Basic Statistics (2010, unless noted) Allston Brighton Allston/Brighton Allston/Brighton/ Boston Fenway-Kenmore Non-College Enrolled Population (2012) ii Population 29,196iii 45,801x 74,997ix 49,810 617,594xi Median Age 24.7iii 28.1x 26.8 ix 35.0 31.0xi Percent, Foreign- 30.5%vi 29.2%vi 29.5%viii 23.9% 27.1%vi Born Residents (2000 and 2007- 2011) Age (2010, unless noted) Allston Brighton Allston/ Allston/Brighton/Fenway Boston Brighton -Kenmore Non-College ix Student (2012) ii % Persons under 2.2iii 3.3x 3.4 5.7 5.2 xi age 5 years % Persons ages 5- 13.8iii 8.3 x 11.1 7.4 16.7 xi 19 years % Persons ages 56.7iii 46.4 x 40.8 24.3 26.4 xi 20-29 years % Persons ages 23.6iii 31.2 x 27.4 47.5 41.5 xi 30-64 years % Persons ages 3.6iii 10.7 x 8.8 15.1 10.1 xi 65+ 4 Race (As defined by U.S. Census) (2010, unless noted) iii Race Allston iii Brighton x Allston/ Allston/Brighton/Fe Boston Brighton nway-Kenmore xi ix Non-College Enrolled Population (2012) ii White 66.2% 74.6% 71.3% 64% 53.9% Hispanic or Latino 11.6% 8.8% 9.9% 12.2% 17.5% (of any race)3 Black or African 5.1% 5.1% 5.1% 7.5% 24.4% American American Indian and 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% ND* 0.4% Alaska Native Asian 19.1% 13.2% 15.5% 14.5% 8.9% N/A Some Other Race 5.5% 4.1% 4.6% 8.4% Two or More Races 3.9% 2.8% 3.2% 1.8% 3.9% * No data. Sample size too small. ⌘ Defined as “Two or more races alone.” 3 Interpret with caution. Allston, Brighton, Allston/Brighton and Boston geographies include Hispanic/Latino in all race groups. Allston-Brighton Fenway-Kenmore geography has Hispanic/Latino as a distinct group. 5 Nativity (2007-2011) iv Allston Brighton Boston U.S. citizen, born in 67.7% 68.7% 69.8% the U.S. U.S. citizen, born in 0.9% 1.0% 2.0% Puerto Rica or U.S. Island Areas U.S. citizen, born 0.9% 1.1% 1.1% abroad of American parent(s) U.S. citizen by 10.2% 14.4% 12.0% naturalization Not a U.S. citizen 20.3% 14.8% 15.1% Region of Birth for the Foreign Born (2007-2011) iv Allston Brighton Boston Europe 17.7% 31.2% 14.2% Asia 44.1% 40.0% 25.5% Africa 5.0% 2.5% 10.3% Oceania 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% Caribbean 3.7% 4.9% 27.9% Mexico 1.8% 0.7% 1.6% Other Central 15.4% 5.1% 9.7% America South America 10.5% 14.0% 9.1% Northern America 1.6% 1.7% 1.5% Language Spoken at Home (2007-2011) iv Allston Brighton Boston Speak only English 62.6% 66.0% 63.9% Spanish (including 12.3% 6.8% 15.5% Spanish Creole) Chinese 7.0% 8.3% 3.8% French (including 2.1% 1.1% 4.9% Patois, Creole, Cajun) Portuguese 1.8% 3.3% 2.1% (including Portuguese Creole) Other Languages 14.2% 14.6% 9.9% 6 School Enrollment (age 3+) (2007-2011) Allston iv Brighton iv Allston/Brighton/Fenway- Boston iv Kenmore Non-College Enrolled Population ii Nursery school, 0.5% 0.7% 0.5% 4.1% preschool Kindergarten 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 4.0% Grades 1-4 0.7% 1.3% 0.7% 11.3% Grades 5-8 0.8% 1.2% 0.9% 11.8% Grades 9-12 1.2% 1.8% 1.6% 13.7% College, 40.3% 14.8% 40.6% 40.8% undergraduate years Graduate of 11.7% 10.6% 11.1% 14.3% professional school Total enrollment 55.3% 30.8% 55.9% 32.1% (% of total population) Not enrolled in 44.7% 69.2% 44.1% 67.9% school (% of total population) Geographic Mobility (2007-2011) iv Allston Brighton Boston Same house 1 year ago 53.9% 67.8% 75.9% Moved within same county 16.6% 13.9% 12.8% Moved from different county within 9.0% 9.7% 4.5% the same state Moved from different state 13.6% 6.2% 4.7% Moved from abroad 6.8% 2.5% 2.1% Means of Commuting (2007-2011) iv Allston Brighton Boston Worked at Home 4.4% 4.2% 3.5% Car, truck, or van 24.7% 49.0% 46.1% Bus or trolley bus 14.4% 13.5% 12.6% Subway or elevated 21.2% 14.0% 17.5% Railroad 0.1% 0.5% 1.3% 7 Bicycle 3.8% 2.0% 1.5% Walked 25.0% 8.9% 14.9% Other Means of 6.5% 7.9% 2.7% Transportation Household Type (2010) Allston iii Brighton x Allston/Brighton ix Boston xi In households 81% 94.1% 90.3% 93% In nonfamily households 74.9% 55% 58.1% 33.9% In family households 25.1% 45% 41.9% 66.1% In group quarters (either 19% 5.9% 9.7% 7% institutionalized or non) Housing units with children 8.5% 11.5% 10.8% 23.9% under 18 years Owner-occupied housing 10.2% 25.1% 21.5% 34.6% units Renter-occupied housing 89.9% 74.9% 78.5% 65.4% units Economy (2007-2011) Allston Brighton Allston/ Allston/Brighton/ Boston Brighton Fenway Non- College Student (2012) Median Household $36,516 $50,417 iv $43,467 $33,000 $52,065 iv Income in the Past 12 iv Months (in 2011 inflation-adjusted dollars) Per Capita Income in the $21,018 $30,976 iv $28,087 NR* 33,158 iv Past 12 Months (in 2011 iv inflation-adjusted dollars) 2012 unemployment rate 8.3%v 5.5%vi 5.9% ix NR* 9.6%vi *Not requested data 8 Analysis and Recommendations: Allston/Brighton is the home to 12% of Boston’s population.