THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2009 57(2): i Date of Publication: 31 Aug.2009 © National University of Singapore EDITORIAL The Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology had an productive year for 2009—18 papers in 57(1) and 23 papers in this issue, 57(2). This is a total of 41 papers published in the two regular issues of the Bulletin and an additional 15 in the second crustacean supplement, which was published on 31 July 2009. We are also expecting to publish perhaps three more supplements this year, including a checklist of world decapod genera. Our Associate Editor for Crustacea, Dr. Tohru Naruse, has left the National University of Singapore (NUS) for a faculty position at the University of Ryukyus. Although he is now no longer in Sinagpore, he has kindly agreed to continue serving as an Associate Editor for crustacean manuscripts. We also take this opportunity to welcome a new Associate Board member, Dr. Tran Anh Duc, from the Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam. Dr. Tran is a recent graduate of NUS and specialises in aquatic Heteroptera taxonomy (for example, see Polhemus et al., 2009, and Zettel & Tran, 2009). Research into the history of the Bulletin has revealed that several volumes had publication dates inconsistent with the publisher’s dates as printed on the wrapper(s) of the Bulletin. This has pushed back the dates of publications of several volumes (by a year) and brought forward by a year the date of publication of one volume. The volumes relevant to brachyuran taxonomy have been dealt with in a paper in the second crustacean supplement (Low et al., 2009a). A more detailed and complete review of this issue will be published in an upcoming supplement of the Bulletin (Low et al., 2009b). Low et al. (2009a) also surveyed all brachyuran papers published by the Bulletin and found the RBZ has been publishing an average of 3.5 new species of crabs over a period of eight decades, since the Bulletin’s inception in 1928. This is no mean feat and is an indication of the hard work and effort by authors, the Editorial Board and staff. These same qualities and quantities of hard work have seen the RBZ’s impact factor rise to 0.800 in 2008, up from 0.648 in 2007. We to authors and the Editorial Board their effort and look forward to even greater things in 2010! Tan Swee Hee Managing Editor Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology LITERATURE CITED Low, M. E. Y., S. H. Tan & P. K. L. Ng, 2009a. The Raffl es Bulletin, 1928–2009: Eight decades of brachyuran crab research (Crustacea: Decapoda). Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 20: 291–307. Low, M. E. Y., S. H. Tan & P. K. L. Ng, 2009b. Dates of publication of the Bulletin of the Raffl es Museum and the Bulletin of the National Museum, predecessors to the Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 21 (in press). Polhemus, J. T., A. D. Tran & D. A. Polhemus, 2009. The genus Eotrechus (Heteroptera: Gerridae) in Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, 57(1): 29–37. Zettel, H. & A. D. Tran, 2009. First inventory of the water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha) of Langkawi Island, Kedah, Malaysia. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, 57(2): 277–292. i THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2009 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2009 57(2): 239–249 Date of Publication: 31 Aug.2009 © National University of Singapore THE LARVA AND PUPARIUM OF THE ORIENTAL PEGADOMYIA PRUINOSA KERTÉSZ, WITH A WORLD LIST OF THE DESCRIBED PACHYGASTRINAE LARVAE (DIPTERA: STRATIOMYIDAE) Alena Bu ánková Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá ská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Email: [email protected] Damir Kovac Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germanay Email: [email protected] Rudolf Rozkošný Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá ská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. – The larva and puparium of Pegadomyia pruinosa Kertész, 1916, are described and compared with the other known saproxylic larvae from the subfamily Pachygastrinae. Diagnostic characters at the subfamily level as well as specifi c distinguishing characters of the pachygastrine larvae are summarized and a list of the described larvae for the world is given. An original identifi cation key to the Oriental and East Palaearctic larvae (14 spp.) is proposed. Basic diagnostic characters of the described larva and puparium are illustrated and documented by SEM images. KEY WORDS. – Stratiomyidae, Pegadomyia, larva, puparium, saproxylic, Malaysia, Thailand. INTRODUCTION 1991). They are often gregarious, with several to many occurring together at the same site. Essentially, they are Woodley (2001) recorded 561 species of world micropantophagous scavengers and they may even shown Pachygastrinae and 19 species and 1 subspecies were certain sapronecrophagous tendencies feeding upon dead subsequently described by Krivosheina (2002: one species; saproxylic insects and their larvae (cf. Mamaev et al., 2004: three species, one subspecies), Krivosheina & 1977). Larvae of Holarctic Pachygastrinae apparently Freidberg (2004: two species), Rozkošný & Kozánek (2007: feed on fermenting sap, fungus spores or decay-producing 7 spp.), Rozkošný & Kovac (2007: one species; 2008: four microorgasnisms (Teskey, 1976). In the gut contents of species) and Woodley (2008: one species). However, larvae a larva of Camptopteromyia fractipennis sporangia with are described for only 48 species (see Table 1), i.e. for 8.3 spores of fungi, bacteria and unidentifi ed organic debris % of the world fauna of this subfamily. were found (Rozkošný & Kovac, 1991). Larvae of Pachygastrinae are generally found under the Keys to the known larvae of Nearctic genera of this bark of dead or decaying trees, rarely also in soil, at roots subfamily were published by Kraft & Cook (1961), of plants, in decaying remains of vegetation or under McFadden (1967) and James (1981), and keys to the known specialised conditions; e.g. larvae of Eupachygaster larvae at the species level are to be found in the fi rst two alexanderi (Bréthes, 1922) were reared from rotting Opuntia papers; the known Nearctic Zabrachia larvae were keyed sulphurea in Argentina (cf. Blanchard, 1923; James, 1967), by James (1965). Larvae of Palaearctic genera may be Zabrachia stoichodes James, 1965, and Cactobia opuntiae distinguished according to Krivosheina (1977), Mamaev James, 1966, from cacti in the southwestern United States et al. (1977) and Rozkošný (1997). A key to Palaearctic and Mexico, larvae of Zabrachia yuccae James, 1965, Neopachygaster larvae is given by Krivosheina (1976) and from yucca in Arizona and those of Camptopteromyia those to Zabrachia by Krivosheina & Rozkošný (1990). A fractipennis de Meijere, 1914, were collected inside the key to fi ve Neotropical pachygastrine larvae was published internodes of bamboo in Malaysia (Rozkošný & Kovac, by Xeres et al. (2003b). 239 Bucánková et at.: Larva and Puparium of Pegadomyia pruinosa Table 1. World list of the known larvae of Pachygastrinae. Abbreviations used: AF, African; AU, Australasian; NE, Neartic; NT, Neo- tropical; OR, Oriental; PA, Palaeartic. Species Distribution Author Synonyms Alliophlebs elliptica Becker, 1908 PA: Canary Is. Rozkošný & Baez, 1986 Aspidacantha atra Kertész, 1916 AF: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Krivosheina, 1975 Zaire, Zimbabwe PA: Egypt, Israel, Turkmenistan Berkshiria albistylum Johnson, 1914 NE: Canada, USA Kraft & Cook, 1961 Berkshiria hungarica (Kertész, 1921) PA: Europe, W Siberia Krivosheina, 1965; Pseudowallacea Rozkošný, 1983 Camptopteromyia fractipennis de OR: Indonesia (Java), W Malaysia Rozkošný & Kovac, 1991 Meijere, 1914 Cechorismenus fl avicornis Kertész, 1916 PA: Far East of Russia Krivosheina, 1977 OR: Taiwan Chalcidomorphina aurata Enderlein, 1914 NT: from Mexico to Peru and Brazil Pujol-Luz & Xeres, 1999 Cosmariomyia argyrosticta Kertész, 1914 NT: Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Xeres et al., 2002 El Salvador Craspedometopon basale (Matsumura, PA : Far East of Russia, Korea, Krivosheina, 1977 C. ussuricum 1915) Japan Krivosheina, 1973 Dactylodeictes lopesi Lindner, 1964 NT: from Mexico to Brazil Xeres et al., 2002 Damaromyia tasmanica Kertész, 1916 AU: Australia, Tasmania James, 1950 Eidalimus fuscus (Kraft & Cook, 1961) NE: Canada, USA Kraft & Cook, 1961 Eupachygaster Eidalimus henshawi (Malloch, 1917) NE: USA NT: Cuba, Mexico Kraft & Cook, 1961 Eupachygaster Engicerus major Lindner, 1964 NT Brazil Xeres et al. 2003a Eupachygster alexanderi (Brèthes, 1922) NT: Argentina Blanchard, 1923 Eupachygaster tarsalis (Zetterstedt, 1842) PA: Europe, Azerbaijan, Krivosheina, 1975; Turkmenistan Rozkošný, 1983 Gabaza nigrotibialis (Pleske, 1930) PA: Far East of Russia Krivosheina, 1977; Wallacea Mamaev et al., 1977 Gowdeyana punctifera (Malloch, 1915) NE: USA Kraft & Cook, 1961 Eupachygaster NT: Mexico punctifer Maackiana laminiformis Krivosheina, 1973 PA: Far East of Russia Krivosheina, 1977 Manotes crassimanus James, 1980 NT: Brazil, Mexico Lopes et al., 2006 Neopachygaster intermedia (Krivosheina, PA: Mongolia, Uzbekistan Krivosheina, 1965, 1976 1965) Neopachygaster maculicornis (Hine, 1902) NE: Canada, USA Kraft & Cook, 1961 Neopachygaster meromelas (Dufour, 1841) PA: Europe Krivosheina, 1965; Pachygaster Rozkošný, 1983 orbitalis Neopachygaster occidentalis Kraft & Cook, NE: Canada, USA Kraft & Cook, 1961 1961 Neopachygaster reniformis Hull, 1942 NE: Canada, USA Kraft & Cook, 1961 Neopachygaster secernibilis Krivosheina PA: Far