U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES ) /WHOLE 1 A O BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ( ’ ‘ * \ NUMBER 1 1 6 FOREIGN LABOR LAWS SERIES: No. 1 ADMINISTRATION OF LABOR LAWS AND FACTORY INSPECTION IN CERTAIN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FEBRUARY 27, 1914 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis CONTENTS. Page. Introduction............................................................................................................... 9-25 Comparison between countries difficult........................................................... 12 Forms of organization......................................................................................... 12 Specialization of functions................................................................................ 13,14 Relation with other administrative authorities............................................... 14 Medical factory inspection................................................................................. 15 Women inspectors............................................................................................... 15, l8 Workingmen inspectors...................................................................................... 16 Insufficient number of inspectors..................................................................... 16,17 Factory inspection a profession......................................................................... 17 Selection and nomination of candidates.......................................................... 17,18 Technical experience and training of candidates........................................... 18,19 High qualifications of European inspectors..................................................... 19,20 Result of appointing highly qualified inspectors............................................ 20, 21 Promotion, tenure, and pension.................. .................................................... 21, 22 Lack of standards................................................................................................ 22, 23 Methods of inspection......................................................................................... 23, 24 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 24, 25 Great Britain: Historical review................................................................................................ 26-32 Acts of 1802,1819,1825,1831............................ .......................................... 26, 27 Commissions of 1831 and 1833.................................................................... 27-29 Act of 1844................................................................................................... 29 Period between acts of 1844 and 1878....................................................... 29, 30 Role of the various commissions of inquiry, etc...................................... 30-32 Scope of present factory and workshop acts.................................................... 32-36 Application of the law and definitions...................................................... 32-34 Industrial conditions.................................................................................. 34 Protected persons........................................................................................ 34 Dangerous trades and industries................................................................ 34-36 Historical development of administrative control.......................................... 36-58 Methods of enforcement up to 1833........................................................... 36, 37 First provisions for factory inspection, 1833............................................ 37 The first inspectors...................................................................................... 37, 38 Difficulties of enforcement.......................................................................... 38-42 Work of the first inspectors......................................................................... 42-44 Act of 1844.................................................................................................... 44-46 Changes in the personnel............................................................................ 46, 47 Appointment of assistant inspectors......................................................... 47-51 Women’s department.................................................................................. 51-54 Relation to local authorities...................................................................... 54-56 Certifying surgeons............................................... ..................................... 57, 58 3 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 4 CONTENTS. Great Britain—Concluded. Page. Administrative provisions.................................................................................. 58-76 Powers, etc., of the home secretary.......................................................... 58-60 Powers, etc., of the inspectors.................................................................. 60-62 Duties, etc., of the occupier...................................................................... 62-66 Relations to local authorities..................................................................... 66-68 Provisions applying to certifying surgeons............................................... 63-72 Provisions relating to legal proceedings, etc............................................ 72-76 Form of organization.......................................................................................... 76 Classification....................................................................................................... 76-79 Supervising force......................................................................................... 76, 77 Women’s department.................................................................................. 77, 78 Medical and other special inspectors........................................................ 78, 79 Inspectors of textile particulars................................................................. 79 Number and grade of factory inspectors.......................................................... 79 Budget, compensation, privileges, etc............................................................. 80, 81 Personnel, qualifications, etc............................................................................ 81-84 Previous occupation.................................................................................... 82 Resume of qualifications of personnel....................................................... 82-84 Qualifications of women inspectors and assistant inspectors.................. 84 Selection, civil service examinations, etc....................................................... 84-87 Appointments..................................................................................................... 87, 88 Work of the factory department........................................................................ 88-94 Extent of work............................................................................................ 89 Work of the local authorities...................................................................... 90 Work of the women inspectors................................................................... 91 Work of inspectors of textile particulars................................................... 91 Work of inspector for dangerous trades..................................................... 92 Work cf the electrical inspector................................................................. 92 Work of medical inspectors........................................................................ 92, 93 Work of certifying surgeons............ ......................................................... 93 Prosecutions, convictions, and penalties.................................................. 94 Methods of inspection....................................................................................... 94-102 Duties of chief factory inspector................................................................ 94, 95 Duties of superintending inspectors.......................................................... 95 Duties of district inspectors....................................................................... 95, 96 Forms filled out by inspectors................................................................... 96 Expense accounts........................................................................................ 96,97 Correspondence and records of district offices...............•.......................... 97, 98 Proceedings in case of prosecution............................................................ 98, 99 Proceedings in case of accidents.............................................................. 99,100 Notices to certifying physicians............................................................ 100,101 Relations of inspectors with employers and employees.................... 101,102 Germany: History of the development of industrial inspection.................................. 103-129 Agitation for the protection of child workers before 1839..................