TurkJBot 30(2006)63-70 ©TÜB‹TAK ResearchArticle Saponariabargyliana Gombault(Caryophyllaceae):ANewRecord forTurkeyandAnalysisofItsMorphologicalCharacterswith RelatedSpecies BirolMUTLU* ‹nönüUniversity,FacultyofScienceandArts,DepartmentofBiology,44280Malatya-TURKEY Received:18.10.2004 Accepted:05.12.2005 Abstract: Previously, Saponariabargyliana Gombaultwasknownonlyfromitstypelocality,thenorthofSyriaintheNosaïris mountains,whichwaspublishedbyGombaultin1962.DuringafieldtripinJune2002toErzin(Hatay)district,thespecieswas collectedforthesecondtimefromanewlocalityfarfromits locusclassicus.Thus,thisspecieswasdescribedasanewrecordfor thefloraofTurkey.Thedescriptionofthisspecieswasexpandedanditsgeographicaldistribution,habitat,floweringtimean d conservationstatusarediscussed.Quantitativeandqualitativeanalysisof Saponariabargyliana andcloselyrelatedspeciesis discussed.Elevenquantitativecharacterswereusedinalineardiscriminantanalysis.Inthediscriminantanalysis,themostu seful charactersforseparatingparticularspecieswereselected:seednumber,calyxnervenumber,coronalscalelength,calyxteethlength andpetalwidth.Withthese5mostimportantcharacters,100%ofplantswerecorrectlyclassifiedintothedesignatedgroups.T he analysisshowedthat S.bargyliana,S.officinalis L.and S.glutinosa M.Bieb.aredistinguishedbythequantitativemorphological characters.Calyxhairarrangementandtheconditionofthepedicelhairsarethemostimportantqualitativecharactersinthe identificationofthesespecies. KeyWords: Caryophyllaceae,Saponaria,newrecord,morphology,lineardiscriminantanalysis Saponariabargyliana Gombault(Caryophyllaceae):Türkiye‹çinYeniBirKay›tveYak›nTürler ileBirlikteMorfolojikKarakterAnalizi Özet: Buzamanakadar,1962y›l›ndaGombaulttaraf›ndanyay›nlanan Saponariabargyliana Gombaultsadecetiplokalitesiolan Suriye’ninkuzeyindekiNosaïrisda¤›ndanbilinmekteydi.Erzin(Hatay)bölgesindeHaziran2002’deyap›lanbiraraziçal›flmas›nda tip lokalitesindenoldukçauzakbirbölgedenikincikeztopland›.BöylecebutürTürkiyefloras›içinyenibirkay›tolarakbelirlendi.Türün tan›m›geniflletildi,co¤rafikda¤›l›m,habitat,çiçeklenmezaman›vetehlikedurumutart›fl›ld›.Saponariabargyliana veyak›ntürlerinin nicelvenitelmorfolojikkarakterlerininanaliziyap›ld›.11nicelkarakterdo¤rusalayr›fl›manalizindekullan›ld›.Ay›r›fl›ma nalizinde türleribirbirindenay›ranenuygunkarakterlerin;tohumsay›s›,çanakyapra¤›damarsay›s›,korollapuluboyu,taçyapra¤›genifll i¤ive çanakyapra¤›diflboyuoldu¤ubelirlendi.Ay›r›fl›manalizis›n›flamas›ndaenönemlibeflkarakterbitkilerintamam›n›tasarlanan gruplarado¤rubirflekildes›n›flam›flt›r.Buanaliz,S.bargyliana,S.officinalis L.veS.glutinosa M.Bieb’ninnicelmorfolojikkarakterler ileay›r›labilece¤inigöstermektedir.Çanakyapra¤›tüydüzenlenmesiveçiçeksap›tüydurumubutürlerintan›mlanmas›ndaenöne mli nitelkarakterlerdir. AnahtarSözcükler: Caryophyllaceae,Saponaria,yenikay›t,morfoloji,do¤rusalayr›fl›manalizi Introduction Aftercloserexaminationandconsultationwiththe Theauthorcarriedoutextensivefieldstudiesin FloraofTurkeyandtheEastAegeanIslands (Hedge, South-EastAnatoliaandcollectedsome Caryophyllaceae 1965;Davisetal.,1988)itwasrealisedthatthe specimensfromtheareain2002.Atfirstglanceinthe specimenswerequitedifferentfromSaponariaofficinalis field,oneofthemlookedlike Saponariaofficinalis L.and andS.glutinosa.Thespecimenswerecrosscheckedwith S.glutinosa M.Bieb.becauseofthehabitandstemleaf. variousSaponaria accountsgiveninrelevantfloras,e.g., *E-mail:[email protected] 63 Saponariabargyliana Gombault(Caryophyllaceae):ANewRecordforTurkeyandAnalysisofItsMorphologicalCharacterswithRelatedSpecies FloraIranica(Rechinger,1988),FloraEuropaea(Chater, taxonomicallyindistinctspeciespairswereanalysed 1964),FloraPalaestina(Zohary,1966),FloraofSyria, separately.Characterswiththehighestcoefficientofthe PalestineandSinai(Post,1932),FloraofUSSR canonicalstructureonthe2canonicalfunctionswere (Komarov,1939)andFloraofCyprus(Meikle,1977). selected.Thesecharactersexplainthehighestproportion Asaresultoffurthercomparativestudiesand ofvariancebetweengroups(species).Thenstepwise discussion(Pers.com.withMr.I.Hedge),Idetermined discriminantanalysiswasusedtofindthebestsetof thatthisspecimenwassimilartoS.bargyliana Gamboldt. discriminatecharacters.Inthisanalysis,characterswere ThisspecieswascollectedinthenorthofSyriainthe enteredonebyoneandtheprocessstoppedwhennone NosaïrismountainsandonlypublishedinBulletinSociete oftheremainingcharacterssignificantlyimprovedthe BotaniquedeFrance,1962andthetypespecimenis discriminantcapacity(P<0.01). foundinParisNaturalMuseumHerbaria(P).AfterIhad Finally,aclassificationdiscriminantanalysis(cross- studiedthetypespecimen(Gamboult,1962),Idecided validation)ofthesampleswiththeclassificationfunction thatthisspecimenisS.bargyliana andthusanewrecord combiningrespectivecharactersandtheirweightswas fortheFloraofTurkey. carriedouttodeterminethegroup(taxon)intowhichthe Atthesametime,thepurposeofthisstudywasto classifiedobjectbelongswiththehighestprobability. analysequantitativecharactersinordertoanswerthe followingquestions:(1)Isitpossibletorecognise ResultsandDiscussion particulartaxausingquantitativecharacters?(2)Which quantitativecharactersaremostusefulforspecies S.officinalis isverywidespreadinNorthAnatolia. S. identification? glutinosa isspreadinNorthAnatolia,betweenWestand InnerAnatoliaandtheAnatolianDiagonal. S.bargyliana onlygrowsonthenorthsideofAmanosMountain, MaterialsandMethods southernAnatolia,Hatay.Thismountainisremarkable Themeasurementswereobtainedfromeither foritsnumerousEuro-Siberianelements,whichhave specimenscollectedinthefieldorkeptinANK,GAZIand reacheditfromthenorth,probablybymigrationdown HUBherbariainTurkeyandParisNaturalMuseum theAnatolianDiagonalduringtheglacial(pluvial)phaseof Herbarium(P)inFrance.Thetotalnumberofherbarium thePleistocene.Becauseofthisreason,itsupports specimensanalysedinthemorphometricmultivariate numerousendemicsandsubendemics(Davis,1971). analysisis41(Appendix1).Qualitativecharacterswere S.bargyliana growsinmixedforestwhere Fagus chosenfromamongthoseusedinthemostrecent orientalis Lipskyisthedominanttree. Pinusbrutia Ten., taxonomicrevisionofSaponaria (Hedge,1965)andsome Carpinusorientalis Miller,andQuercuscerris L.var.cerris ofthemwereusedinthisstudyforthefirsttime. areothercommontreesinthisareaat1500-1900m. Authoritiesofallcitedplantnamesaregivenaccordingto Therangeofthisnewspeciesisrestrictedtoonlyone BrummittandPowell(1992). location. Itestedtheutilityof11characters,including9 Saponariabargyliana GombaultinBulletinSociété measurementsand2meristics(ofthese,3were BotaniquedeFrance,109:265(1962)(Figure1). vegetativeand8werefloral),forseparatingthe3species Type:NorthSyria:Espècedécouverteenjuillet1934 usingmultivariateanalysisofvariance(MANOVA)inSPSS et1938perleFrèreLOUISquil’arécoltéeàSlenféetau (StatisticalPackagefortheSocialSciences)(SPSS,1999). coldeFreiketdanslesMontsNosaïris(Bargylusmonsde Discriminantanalysiswaschosentodeterminethe Pline)(P)! suitabilityofspecificvariablesforpredictiveclassification. Lineardiscriminantanalysis(LDA)wasselectedbecauseit Iconography: Thisspeciesisillustratedinthisarticle requirestheassumptionofequalcovariancematrices forthefirsttime(Figure1). (Özdamar,2002).TheDISCRIMINANTsubprogramof Description: Erectperennial,glandular-hispid SPSSwasusedforthisanalysis.Thecanonical throughout.Stem30-60cm,simpleorlittlebranched, discriminantanalysiswascomputedusingtheprogram. hairy,allhairsmulticellularglandular-hispid,upto1-1.5 First,theentiredatasetwasanalysed,andthen mm.Leavesoblong-elliptic,(15-)25-75x(6-)12-25 64 B.MUTLU B 1cm A 1cm C 1cm D 5mm E 1mm F Figure1.Saponariabargyliana (A)habit;(B)flower;(C)dissectedcalyx;(D)petal;(E)fruit;(F)hairs. mm,acuteoracuminate,shortlypetiolateatthebaseor scalesatthebaseandanarrowclaw,scalesubulate,1.5- sessileattheupperside,distinctly3nerved,glabrouson 2mm.Capsuleoblong-ovate,subsesileshorterthan theuppersideandpubescentontheunderside. calyx.Seed8-12. Inflorescencecompact,terminalcorymbose-paniculate, Floweringtime: S.bargyliana isknowntoflowerin shortlypedunculate,12-42floweredwithan May,JuneandJuly. indumentumoflongglandularhairs.Bractsherbaceous, 3nerved,lanceolate-triangular,3-12x1-3mm,long Distributionandhabitat: Turkey/C6HATAY:Erzin,30 eglandularhairy,ciliatemargin.Pedicelglabrous,0.5-1 kmfromKuzuculuVillagetowardsUfacıkarea,1200- mm.Calyxgreenoryellowishgreen,glandular,hairsonly 1350m,17/6/2002, F.orientalis-C.orientalis mixed arrangementonthenerves,narrowlyoblong-cylindrical, forest,B.Mutlu 8034.(Figure2). calyxlength12-21mm,dissectedcalyxwidth5-6mm, Conservationstatus: Itsdistributionareaislessthan 15nerves,teethovate,acuminate,4-5.5mm.Petals 10km2 anditisknownfromonlyonelocation(criterion pink,20-25x3-3.5mm,obovatelaminawith2small B2)inTurkey.Thisspeciesshouldbeconsidered 65 Saponariabargyliana Gombault(Caryophyllaceae):ANewRecordforTurkeyandAnalysisofItsMorphologicalCharacterswithRelatedSpecies 123456789 42 Edirne Sinop ‹stanbul A Artvin Trabzon Ankara 40 Çanakkale Erzurum B ‹zmir Malatya Van Konya 38 Antalya C Hatay 0100200km 36 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Figure2.DistributionofSaponariabargyliana (•)inTurkey. “criticallyendangered(CR)”accordingtothenewIUCN Thequantitativecharactersofthesespeciesaregiven categories(IUCN,2001). inTable1andqualitativecharactersaregiveninTable5. Characteranalysis: S.bargyliana ,S.officinalis andS. Thecorrelationsbetweenquantitativecharacterswere glutinosa aremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanthe testedusingthePearsontest(Table2).Highcorrelations remainingspecies.TheMANOVAdemonstratedthat8 werefoundforthecharacterpair’ssen andcxnn (0.850, charactersvariedsignificantlyamongthe3species(P<