Table of Contents Chapter 1 7 Chapter 2 39 Chapter 3 61 Chapter 4 77 Chapter 5 89 Chapter 6 125 Chapter 7 145 Chapter 8 161 Chapter 9 181 Addendum 197 203 8 A brief history of the Brachyspiraceae . . “a . 9 0.02 (~24bp) Figure 1: 10 . Figure 2: 11 Chapter 1 4 . 12 . . Figure 3: 13 Chapter 1 Chapter 9 The various Brachyspira species Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (hog: pig; dysentery: severe diarrhoea) 14 * * Type of reference strain* of reference Type + + + + + + + + + + 56 + + + + + + + + + + + + Indole Hippurate Species 44 Table 1: Table 15 B.hyodysenteriae B78 'B.suana A na' AN 4859/03 B.intermedia PWS/A B.alvinipulli C1 B.murdochii 56-150 'B.pulli' AN304/04 'B.canis' Dog A2 'B.hampsonii' cluster II NSH-24 B.innocens B256 B.aalborgi 513A 'B.ibaraki' HIS24/11/99 'B.hominis' adhucomuHca09 'B.hampsonii' cluster I NSH-16 'B.muridarum' A58/06 'B.muris' A10/06 'B.corvi' AN968/2/04 us' A249/07 T.primi B.pilosicoli P43/6/78 'B.ra a ZAS-2 0.03 ‘B.hampsonii’ cluster II NSH-24 B B.hyodysenteriae B78 ‘B.hampsonii’ cluster I NSH-16 B.innocens B256 ‘B.suana na’ AN 4859/03 B.murdochii 56-150 B.intermedia PWS/A T.primi a ZAS-2 ‘B.corvi’ AN968/2/04 B.pilosicoli P43/6/78 B.aalborgi 513A ‘B.canis’ Dog A2 ‘B.pulli’ AN304/04 0.04 B.alvinipulli C1 Figure 4: 16 Brachyspira innocens (innocens: innocent) . Brachyspira murdochii (Murdoch: Australian university where much research into . Brachyspira pilosicoli (pilo: hairy; colon: colon) chapter 9 17 Chapter 1 Brachyspira intermedia (intemediate: referring to the fact that the phenotype is between B. hyodystenteriae and B. innocens) . .